19700101000037.070|19700101000038.438|CC1|RU2|( explosion ) 19700101000038.571|19700101000040.573|CC1|RU2|( inaudible radio chatter ) 19700101000040.707|19700101000041.941|CC1|RU2|>> Safety remains our number one 19700101000042.075|19700101000043.410|CC1|RU2|priority. 19700101000043.543|19700101000044.577|CC1|RU2|>> BP can talk about safety all 19700101000044.711|19700101000045.945|CC1|RU2|they want, but they're not going 19700101000046.079|19700101000048.014|CC1|RU2|to become a safer company. 19700101000048.148|19700101000049.582|CC1|RU2|>> They base everything on risk. 19700101000049.716|19700101000050.717|CC1|RU2|"How many lives can we afford to 19700101000050.850|19700101000051.718|CC1|RU2|lose before we need to deal with 19700101000051.851|19700101000052.619|CC1|RU2|this?" 19700101000052.752|19700101000053.319|CC1|RU2|>> 9-1-1. 19700101000053.453|19700101000055.288|CC1|RU2|>> Yes, this plant just blew up! 19700101000055.422|19700101000057.257|CC1|RU2|>> From Texas and Alaska to the 19700101000057.390|19700101000058.458|CC1|RU2| Gulf of Mexico... 19700101000058.591|19700101000100.260|CC1|RU2|>> BP apologized again... 19700101000100.393|19700101000102.395|CC1|RU2|>> ... Apology after apology. 19700101000102.529|19700101000103.163|CC1|RU2|>> They pledged repeatedly to 19700101000103.296|19700101000105.465|CC1|RU2|run a safer operation, yet they 19700101000105.598|19700101000107.233|CC1|RU2|continued to cut costs. 19700101000107.367|19700101000108.735|CC1|RU2|>> We have a facility here that 19700101000108.868|19700101000110.236|CC1|RU2|could produce a cloud of gas 19700101000110.370|19700101000111.638|CC1|RU2|that would make this place look 19700101000111.771|19700101000113.106|CC1|RU2|like Hiroshima. 19700101000113.239|19700101000115.275|CC1|RU2|>> What went wrong at BP? 19700101000115.408|19700101000117.177|CC1|RU2|>> The culture of BP management 19700101000117.310|19700101000118.778|CC1|RU2|has to change. 19700101000118.912|19700101000120.246|CC1|RU2|They refuse to change. 19700101000120.380|19700101000121.514|CC1|RU2|>> Tonight on Frontline, 19700101000121.648|19700101000122.882|CC1|RU2| correspondent Martin Smith 19700101000123.016|19700101000125.085|CC1|RU2| joins forces with ProPublica to 19700101000125.218|19700101000127.253|CC1|RU2| investigate... "The Spill." 19700101000145.939|19700101000147.307|CC1|RU2|>> Frontline is made possible by 19700101000147.440|19700101000148.808|CC1|RU2| contributions to your PBS 19700101000148.942|19700101000151.111|CC1|RU2| station from viewers like you. 19700101000151.244|19700101000153.113|CC1|RU2| Thank you. 19700101000153.246|19700101000154.214|CC1|RU2| And by the Corporation for 19700101000154.347|19700101000156.816|CC1|RU2| Public Broadcasting. 19700101000156.950|19700101000158.284|CC1|RU2| Major funding is provided by 19700101000158.418|19700101000159.853|CC1|RU2| the John D. and Catherine T. 19700101000159.986|19700101000201.321|CC1|RU2| MacArthur Foundation. 19700101000201.454|19700101000202.522|CC1|RU2| Committed to building a more 19700101000202.655|19700101000204.023|CC1|RU2| just, verdant, and peaceful 19700101000204.157|19700101000206.126|CC1|RU2| world. 19700101000206.259|19700101000207.827|CC1|RU2| And by Reva & David Logan. 19700101000207.961|19700101000208.862|CC1|RU2| Committed to investigative 19700101000208.995|19700101000210.563|CC1|RU2| journalism as the guardian of 19700101000210.697|19700101000212.565|CC1|RU2| the public interest. 19700101000212.699|19700101000213.833|CC1|RU2| Additional funding is provided 19700101000213.967|19700101000215.401|CC1|RU2| by the Park Foundation. 19700101000215.535|19700101000216.569|CC1|RU2| Committed to raising public 19700101000216.703|19700101000218.104|CC1|RU2| awareness. 19700101000218.238|19700101000218.705|CC1|RU2| And by the Frontline 19700101000218.838|19700101000220.240|CC1|RU2| Journalism Fund. 19700101000220.373|19700101000221.608|CC1|RU2| With a grant from Bill and Cile 19700101000221.741|19700101000223.443|CC1|RU2| Hicks. 19700101000233.019|19700101000234.020|CC1|RU2|>> The oil rig Deepwater 19700101000234.154|19700101000235.989|CC1|RU2|Horizon exploded. 19700101000236.122|19700101000237.190|CC1|RU2|>> There was growing desperation 19700101000237.323|19700101000239.559|CC1|RU2|along the US Gulf Coast today... 19700101000239.692|19700101000240.860|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: It's been called 19700101000240.994|19700101000242.228|CC1|RU2|the worst environmental disaster 19700101000242.362|19700101000243.463|CC1|RU2|in US history... 19700101000243.596|19700101000244.764|CC1|RU2|>> 42,000 gallons of oil a 19700101000244.898|19700101000246.065|CC1|RU2|day... 19700101000246.199|19700101000247.233|CC1|RU2|>> 210,000 gallons are 19700101000247.367|19700101000248.768|CC1|RU2|leaking... 19700101000248.902|19700101000249.969|CC1|RU2|>> 2.1 million gallons a day... 19700101000250.103|19700101000251.137|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: ... A geyser of oil 19700101000251.271|19700101000251.871|CC1|RU2|that caught the government 19700101000252.005|19700101000252.472|CC1|RU2|off-guard... 19700101000252.605|19700101000253.206|CC1|RU2|>> No more oil spills! 19700101000253.339|19700101000258.511|CC1|RU2|Arrest BP! 19700101000258.645|19700101000259.179|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: ...and threw a 19700101000259.312|19700101000259.846|CC1|RU2|spotlight on a company that 19700101000259.979|19700101000300.513|CC1|RU2|Americans knew little about. 19700101000300.647|19700101000301.114|CC1|RU2|>> In Washington today, 19700101000301.247|19700101000301.915|CC1|RU2|protesters called for the US 19700101000302.048|19700101000302.615|CC1|RU2|government to get hostile with 19700101000302.749|19700101000306.186|CC1|RU2|BP. 19700101000306.319|19700101000307.220|CC1|RU2|>> Mr. Hayward! 19700101000307.353|19700101000308.922|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: When two months 19700101000309.055|19700101000310.390|CC1|RU2|after the blowout, BP's CEO Tony 19700101000310.523|19700101000311.925|CC1|RU2|Hayward, came to Capitol Hill... 19700101000312.058|19700101000312.892|CC1|RU2|>> The testimony you are about 19700101000313.026|19700101000313.560|CC1|RU2|to give to be the truth, the 19700101000313.693|19700101000316.429|CC1|RU2|whole truth... 19700101000316.563|19700101000317.163|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: ...he was there to 19700101000317.297|19700101000319.265|CC1|RU2|explain what happened and why. 19700101000319.399|19700101000321.234|CC1|RU2|>> Begin your opening statement, 19700101000321.367|19700101000322.468|CC1|RU2|and let me again, on behalf... 19700101000322.602|19700101000323.236|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: From the start, it 19700101000323.369|19700101000325.071|CC1|RU2|didn't go well. 19700101000325.205|19700101000326.506|CC1|RU2|>> Chairman Waxman, Chairman... 19700101000326.639|19700101000327.574|CC1|RU2|>> Tony Hayward, look at my 19700101000327.707|19700101000329.609|CC1|RU2|hands. 19700101000329.742|19700101000333.246|CC1|RU2|This is what it looks like for 19700101000333.379|19700101000334.714|CC1|RU2|the Plaquemines down there, and 19700101000334.847|19700101000335.415|CC1|RU2|I think you need to be charged 19700101000335.548|19700101000335.848|CC1|RU2|with a crime! 19700101000335.982|19700101000337.350|CC1|RU2|You need to go to jail. 19700101000337.483|19700101000338.718|CC1|RU2|As a matter of fact, I've got 19700101000338.851|19700101000341.120|CC1|RU2|some chains and I'll... 19700101000341.254|19700101000342.255|CC1|RU2|You need to be charged with a 19700101000342.388|19700101000345.391|CC1|RU2|crime! 19700101000345.525|19700101000347.360|CC1|RU2|>> Can you tell us under oath 19700101000347.493|19700101000348.895|CC1|RU2|that the decision to use six 19700101000349.028|19700101000349.629|CC1|RU2|centralizers instead of.... 19700101000349.762|19700101000350.897|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Amidst the 19700101000351.030|19700101000351.898|CC1|RU2|technical questions, there were 19700101000352.031|19700101000353.166|CC1|RU2|deeper concerns... 19700101000353.299|19700101000353.766|CC1|RU2|>> You're the CEO of the 19700101000353.900|19700101000354.634|CC1|RU2|company! 19700101000354.767|19700101000355.802|CC1|RU2|>> With respect, sir, we drill 19700101000355.935|19700101000356.469|CC1|RU2|hundreds of wells a year all 19700101000356.603|19700101000357.036|CC1|RU2|around the world. 19700101000357.170|19700101000357.737|CC1|RU2|>> Yeah, I know. 19700101000357.870|19700101000358.438|CC1|RU2|That's what's scaring me right 19700101000358.571|19700101000359.205|CC1|RU2|now. 19700101000359.339|19700101000359.939|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: ...about whether 19700101000400.073|19700101000400.673|CC1|RU2|this was a company that could be 19700101000400.807|19700101000402.542|CC1|RU2|trusted. 19700101000402.675|19700101000404.244|CC1|RU2|>> Mr. Hayward, when you became 19700101000404.377|19700101000405.845|CC1|RU2|CEO three years ago, you said 19700101000405.979|19700101000407.347|CC1|RU2|that safety was going to be your 19700101000407.480|19700101000408.281|CC1|RU2|top priority... 19700101000408.414|19700101000409.682|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The interrogation 19700101000409.816|19700101000410.917|CC1|RU2|produced few new answers. 19700101000411.050|19700101000412.352|CC1|RU2|>> One of the reasons that I am 19700101000412.485|19700101000413.620|CC1|RU2|so distraught... 19700101000413.753|19700101000414.354|CC1|RU2|>> I don't want to know whether 19700101000414.487|19700101000414.954|CC1|RU2|you're distraught. 19700101000415.088|19700101000415.855|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: It was mostly 19700101000415.989|19700101000416.956|CC1|RU2|political theater. 19700101000417.090|19700101000417.957|CC1|RU2|>> We're going to have a hard 19700101000418.091|19700101000419.859|CC1|RU2|time reaching conclusions if you 19700101000419.993|19700101000420.994|CC1|RU2|stonewall them. 19700101000421.127|19700101000423.062|CC1|RU2|>> I'm not stonewalling. 19700101000423.196|19700101000424.397|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: It was also not the 19700101000424.530|19700101000425.131|CC1|RU2|first time the company had been 19700101000425.265|19700101000432.739|CC1|RU2|in trouble. 19700101000432.872|19700101000434.374|CC1|RU2|In London, the board had been in 19700101000434.507|19700101000435.875|CC1|RU2|crisis mode for much of the last 19700101000436.009|19700101000438.945|CC1|RU2|years. 19700101000439.078|19700101000441.147|CC1|RU2|They've encountered disasters on 19700101000441.281|19700101000442.715|CC1|RU2|all fronts-- at their 19700101000442.849|19700101000445.718|CC1|RU2|refineries, in their oil fields. 19700101000445.852|19700101000446.819|CC1|RU2|The blowout in the Gulf is just 19700101000446.953|19700101000449.422|CC1|RU2|the latest. 19700101000449.555|19700101000450.390|CC1|RU2|>> This is a company that has 19700101000450.523|19700101000451.491|CC1|RU2|brought us the worst 19700101000451.624|19700101000452.158|CC1|RU2|environmental disaster in US 19700101000452.292|19700101000454.360|CC1|RU2|history. 19700101000454.494|19700101000455.561|CC1|RU2|That's not an accident. 19700101000455.695|19700101000456.296|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Critics say BP has 19700101000456.429|19700101000459.065|CC1|RU2|a very bad record. 19700101000459.198|19700101000500.933|CC1|RU2|It's a company that has grown 19700101000501.067|19700101000501.634|CC1|RU2|too fast and taken on too many 19700101000501.768|19700101000504.470|CC1|RU2|risks. 19700101000504.604|19700101000505.972|CC1|RU2|This is a story about ambition 19700101000506.105|19700101000507.473|CC1|RU2|and its consequences. 19700101000515.515|19700101000517.216|CC1|RU2|To investigate BP's corporate 19700101000517.350|19700101000519.719|CC1|RU2|history, we started here in 19700101000519.852|19700101000521.421|CC1|RU2|Texas City, the site of the 19700101000521.554|19700101000522.655|CC1|RU2|company's largest and one of its 19700101000522.789|19700101000525.191|CC1|RU2|most troubled refineries. 19700101000525.325|19700101000526.626|CC1|RU2|>> Hi, Don. 19700101000526.759|19700101000528.161|CC1|RU2|My name is Abrahm Lustgarten. 19700101000528.294|19700101000529.696|CC1|RU2|I'm a reporter with ProPublica. 19700101000529.829|19700101000531.464|CC1|RU2|I'm calling you because I'm 19700101000531.597|19700101000533.733|CC1|RU2|working on an in-depth piece 19700101000533.866|19700101000534.500|CC1|RU2|about the history of BP and its 19700101000534.634|19700101000537.003|CC1|RU2|management culture. 19700101000537.136|19700101000539.272|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP had an accident 19700101000539.405|19700101000541.474|CC1|RU2|here in 2005 where 15 people 19700101000541.607|19700101000544.444|CC1|RU2|died in an explosion and fire. 19700101000544.577|19700101000546.913|CC1|RU2|170 more were injured. 19700101000547.046|19700101000549.282|CC1|RU2|Afterwards, there were charges 19700101000549.415|19700101000551.217|CC1|RU2|that BP's management valued 19700101000551.351|19700101000555.955|CC1|RU2|profits more than safety. 19700101000556.089|19700101000557.223|CC1|RU2|We came to the refinery hoping 19700101000557.357|19700101000559.525|CC1|RU2|to talk to managers. 19700101000559.659|19700101000600.426|CC1|RU2|>> So this is all BP, right? 19700101000600.560|19700101000602.495|CC1|RU2|>> Yeah. 19700101000602.628|19700101000604.697|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP declined. 19700101000604.831|19700101000605.798|CC1|RU2|>> And the explosion would have 19700101000605.932|19700101000606.699|CC1|RU2|happened, then, on the far side 19700101000606.833|19700101000607.333|CC1|RU2|of all this big equipment. 19700101000607.467|19700101000611.971|CC1|RU2|>> Right. 19700101000612.105|19700101000613.639|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The 1,200-acre 19700101000613.773|19700101000616.876|CC1|RU2|refinery was acquired by BP in 19700101000617.009|19700101000618.745|CC1|RU2|1999 as part of a $61 billion 19700101000618.878|19700101000620.480|CC1|RU2|takeover of the American oil 19700101000620.613|19700101000624.784|CC1|RU2|company Amoco. 19700101000624.917|19700101000626.119|CC1|RU2|But built in 1934, the refinery 19700101000626.252|19700101000630.623|CC1|RU2|was in bad shape. 19700101000630.757|19700101000631.724|CC1|RU2|Workers and contractors were 19700101000631.858|19700101000636.796|CC1|RU2|wary of the place. 19700101000636.929|19700101000638.131|CC1|RU2|>> The refinery was not in prime 19700101000638.264|19700101000642.268|CC1|RU2|shape, put it that way. 19700101000642.402|19700101000643.903|CC1|RU2|Rotted-out columns, things that 19700101000644.036|19700101000645.438|CC1|RU2|were rusted, not protected from 19700101000645.571|19700101000646.572|CC1|RU2|corrosion, fire hazards 19700101000646.706|19700101000650.042|CC1|RU2|everywhere. 19700101000650.176|19700101000652.178|CC1|RU2|>> It was typical for them to 19700101000652.311|19700101000652.945|CC1|RU2|experience a fire every week, on 19700101000653.079|19700101000656.048|CC1|RU2|average. 19700101000656.182|19700101000657.917|CC1|RU2|A fire every week is a warning 19700101000658.050|19700101000659.585|CC1|RU2|sign that something is 19700101000659.719|19700101000700.186|CC1|RU2|critically wrong at the 19700101000700.319|19700101000703.423|CC1|RU2|facility. 19700101000703.556|19700101000705.625|CC1|RU2|It was the worst refinery around 19700101000705.758|19700101000708.628|CC1|RU2|this area, for sure. 19700101000708.761|19700101000709.829|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: When the refinery 19700101000709.962|19700101000711.731|CC1|RU2|was under Amoco's management, 19700101000711.864|19700101000712.331|CC1|RU2|major upgrades had been 19700101000712.465|19700101000716.335|CC1|RU2|postponed. 19700101000716.469|19700101000718.037|CC1|RU2|For example, in 1991, Amoco 19700101000718.171|19700101000720.273|CC1|RU2|considered replacing its 19700101000720.406|19700101000721.674|CC1|RU2|antiquated blowdown drums, used 19700101000721.808|19700101000723.309|CC1|RU2|to collect volatile liquids and 19700101000723.443|19700101000725.044|CC1|RU2|gases in an emergency, with 19700101000725.178|19700101000727.713|CC1|RU2|safer modern flares. 19700101000727.847|19700101000730.283|CC1|RU2|They decided against it. 19700101000730.416|19700101000732.285|CC1|RU2|>> A flare is more efficient and 19700101000732.418|19700101000734.520|CC1|RU2|safer than a blowdown stack. 19700101000734.654|19700101000736.889|CC1|RU2|And there were several blowdown 19700101000737.023|19700101000738.958|CC1|RU2|stacks within... within the 19700101000739.091|19700101000739.759|CC1|RU2|refinery that were old 19700101000739.892|19700101000742.929|CC1|RU2|technology. 19700101000743.062|19700101000744.197|CC1|RU2|Long after a lot of other folks 19700101000744.330|19700101000746.032|CC1|RU2|said, "We're not using those 19700101000746.165|19700101000747.099|CC1|RU2|anymore," BP still was using 19700101000747.233|19700101000748.234|CC1|RU2|them. 19700101000748.367|19700101000749.168|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: It was a question 19700101000749.302|19700101000753.005|CC1|RU2|of saving money. 19700101000753.139|19700101000755.708|CC1|RU2|These emails from 2002 reveal 19700101000755.842|19700101000757.143|CC1|RU2|that BP had also considered 19700101000757.276|19700101000759.779|CC1|RU2|updating the blowdown drums. 19700101000759.912|19700101000802.882|CC1|RU2|"We need to decide if we want to 19700101000803.015|19700101000804.684|CC1|RU2|invest $150,000 now to save more 19700101000804.817|19700101000805.384|CC1|RU2|money later on," wrote one 19700101000805.518|19700101000807.253|CC1|RU2|employee. 19700101000807.386|19700101000809.388|CC1|RU2|A senior manager responded, 19700101000809.522|19700101000810.056|CC1|RU2|capital expenditure is "very 19700101000810.189|19700101000812.158|CC1|RU2|tight. 19700101000812.291|19700101000813.826|CC1|RU2|Bank the $150,000 in savings 19700101000813.960|19700101000816.162|CC1|RU2|now." 19700101000816.295|19700101000817.797|CC1|RU2|>> And at that point, BP culture 19700101000817.930|19700101000818.931|CC1|RU2|was "Show me the money," and 19700101000819.065|19700101000819.632|CC1|RU2|refining was not showing them 19700101000819.765|19700101000822.068|CC1|RU2|the money. 19700101000822.201|19700101000822.802|CC1|RU2|>> You can only spend a penny 19700101000822.935|19700101000825.872|CC1|RU2|once. 19700101000826.005|19700101000826.606|CC1|RU2|"Should we do it fixing up this 19700101000826.739|19700101000827.807|CC1|RU2|refinery?" 19700101000827.940|19700101000830.276|CC1|RU2|You're choosing among 19700101000830.409|19700101000832.111|CC1|RU2|priorities, and they did not 19700101000832.245|19700101000833.312|CC1|RU2|give this deferred maintenance 19700101000833.446|19700101000835.781|CC1|RU2|priority at Texas City refinery 19700101000835.915|19700101000836.516|CC1|RU2|the attention, the priority, it 19700101000836.649|19700101000838.718|CC1|RU2|should have gotten. 19700101000838.851|19700101000840.386|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The pressure to cut 19700101000840.520|19700101000841.120|CC1|RU2|costs came from the very top of 19700101000841.254|19700101000843.923|CC1|RU2|BP. 19700101000844.056|19700101000846.025|CC1|RU2|After the buyout of Amoco, Tony 19700101000846.158|19700101000849.061|CC1|RU2|Hayward's predecessor, Lord John 19700101000849.195|19700101000849.962|CC1|RU2|Browne, ordered a 25% cost cut 19700101000850.096|19700101000853.366|CC1|RU2|across the company. 19700101000853.499|19700101000854.567|CC1|RU2|The message was relayed down 19700101000854.700|19700101000857.570|CC1|RU2|through the ranks. 19700101000857.703|19700101000900.473|CC1|RU2|>> I don't know if they realized 19700101000900.606|19700101000902.708|CC1|RU2|just how devastating the cost 19700101000902.842|19700101000903.709|CC1|RU2|cutting ethos was when it 19700101000903.843|19700101000904.343|CC1|RU2|actually played out in the 19700101000904.477|19700101000908.080|CC1|RU2|field. 19700101000908.214|19700101000909.982|CC1|RU2|When there is a whisper at the 19700101000910.116|19700101000910.983|CC1|RU2|top of the company, it becomes 19700101000911.117|19700101000913.853|CC1|RU2|like a shout at the bottom. 19700101000913.986|19700101000915.922|CC1|RU2|>> You were starting to hear a 19700101000916.055|19700101000917.456|CC1|RU2|little bit more about, "Make due 19700101000917.590|19700101000918.157|CC1|RU2|with what you got and try to 19700101000918.291|19700101000918.758|CC1|RU2|make it more efficient." 19700101000918.891|19700101000919.358|CC1|RU2|So you were taking older 19700101000919.492|19700101000920.660|CC1|RU2|equipment and pushed it to a 19700101000920.793|19700101000922.562|CC1|RU2|hilt. 19700101000922.695|19700101000923.296|CC1|RU2|If something didn't blow up, it 19700101000923.429|19700101000924.764|CC1|RU2|was a good day. 19700101000929.468|19700101000931.404|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In March 2004, 19700101000931.537|19700101000934.840|CC1|RU2|there was a major fire. 19700101000934.974|19700101000936.075|CC1|RU2|Fortunately, it was in an 19700101000936.208|19700101000939.178|CC1|RU2|unmanned part of the refinery. 19700101000939.312|19700101000939.879|CC1|RU2|Nobody was hurt, but problems 19700101000940.012|19700101000945.251|CC1|RU2|continued. 19700101000945.384|19700101000946.886|CC1|RU2|Don Parus, a safety conscious 19700101000947.019|19700101000948.588|CC1|RU2|engineer, took over the refinery 19700101000948.721|19700101000950.056|CC1|RU2|a few months later and was 19700101000950.189|19700101000951.958|CC1|RU2|trying to turn things around. 19700101000952.091|19700101000953.826|CC1|RU2|>> Don was the refinery manager, 19700101000953.960|19700101000955.428|CC1|RU2|or as locals liked to say, he 19700101000955.561|19700101000956.095|CC1|RU2|was the second mayor of the 19700101000956.228|19700101000959.865|CC1|RU2|town. 19700101000959.999|19700101001001.634|CC1|RU2|The workforce tended to trust in 19700101001001.767|19700101001002.468|CC1|RU2|him because, I think, for the 19700101001002.602|19700101001004.170|CC1|RU2|first time, they were having a 19700101001004.303|19700101001007.807|CC1|RU2|refinery manager who was harping 19700101001007.940|19700101001010.343|CC1|RU2|a little bit more about safety. 19700101001010.476|19700101001011.210|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: One of the first 19700101001011.344|19700101001011.944|CC1|RU2|things Parus did was commission 19700101001012.078|19700101001015.314|CC1|RU2|an employee survey. 19700101001015.448|19700101001016.315|CC1|RU2|In it, workers talked about 19700101001016.449|19700101001016.983|CC1|RU2|their "exceptional degree of 19700101001017.116|19700101001019.285|CC1|RU2|fear." 19700101001019.418|19700101001025.791|CC1|RU2|They worried about dying. 19700101001025.925|19700101001027.226|CC1|RU2|>> There was a fatality once, 19700101001027.360|19700101001028.828|CC1|RU2|approximately every 18 months or 19700101001028.961|19700101001030.363|CC1|RU2|so. 19700101001030.496|19700101001032.398|CC1|RU2|The feeling of the workforce was 19700101001032.531|19700101001033.399|CC1|RU2|that there was an imminent 19700101001033.532|19700101001034.967|CC1|RU2|catastrophic accident that could 19700101001035.101|19700101001037.870|CC1|RU2|happen in the near future. 19700101001038.004|19700101001039.705|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Parus alerted his 19700101001039.839|19700101001041.774|CC1|RU2|boss in London, John Manzoni, 19700101001041.907|19700101001043.909|CC1|RU2|BP's chief of refining, about 19700101001044.043|19700101001046.379|CC1|RU2|the severity of safety issues. 19700101001046.512|19700101001047.780|CC1|RU2|>> Don Parus had held several 19700101001047.913|19700101001048.514|CC1|RU2|meetings with John Manzoni, the 19700101001048.648|19700101001050.516|CC1|RU2|head of refining. 19700101001050.650|19700101001052.151|CC1|RU2|In each, he expressed grave 19700101001052.284|19700101001053.686|CC1|RU2|concerns about the safety of 19700101001053.819|19700101001054.320|CC1|RU2|working at the Texas City 19700101001054.453|19700101001057.023|CC1|RU2|refinery. 19700101001057.156|19700101001057.957|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Parus even went to 19700101001058.090|19700101001100.259|CC1|RU2|BP headquarters in London and 19700101001100.393|19700101001100.926|CC1|RU2|showed Manzoni a PowerPoint 19700101001101.060|19700101001103.496|CC1|RU2|presentation. 19700101001103.629|19700101001107.867|CC1|RU2|In it, a list of dead workers; 19700101001108.000|19700101001110.369|CC1|RU2|details on two recent fatal 19700101001110.503|19700101001112.505|CC1|RU2|accidents; a tally of more than 19700101001112.638|19700101001115.808|CC1|RU2|20 fatalities in 30 years. 19700101001115.941|19700101001120.413|CC1|RU2|>> The basic response Don Parus 19700101001120.546|19700101001121.914|CC1|RU2|got was, "Well, that's your job 19700101001122.048|19700101001122.648|CC1|RU2|to make sure this stuff doesn't 19700101001122.782|19700101001124.550|CC1|RU2|happen." 19700101001124.684|19700101001125.685|CC1|RU2|And he was pleading for, "Well, 19700101001125.818|19700101001126.919|CC1|RU2|let me have the materials to do 19700101001127.053|19700101001129.321|CC1|RU2|my job that way." 19700101001129.455|19700101001131.657|CC1|RU2|London saw it a different way. 19700101001131.791|19700101001132.658|CC1|RU2|And that's part of that culture 19700101001132.792|19700101001137.763|CC1|RU2|that BP didn't get. 19700101001139.699|19700101001140.332|CC1|RU2|>> We know we have to beat the 19700101001140.466|19700101001143.536|CC1|RU2|others to win you over. 19700101001143.669|19700101001146.105|CC1|RU2|Can we do it? 19700101001146.238|19700101001148.908|CC1|RU2|>> You bet your BP we can! 19700101001149.041|19700101001150.476|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: 20 years ago, BP 19700101001150.609|19700101001152.011|CC1|RU2|was nothing like the powerful 19700101001152.144|19700101001153.179|CC1|RU2|multinational corporation it is 19700101001153.312|19700101001156.015|CC1|RU2|today. 19700101001156.148|19700101001157.917|CC1|RU2|The years of the once great 19700101001158.050|19700101001158.751|CC1|RU2|Anglo-Persian oil company were 19700101001158.884|19700101001201.253|CC1|RU2|long past. 19700101001201.387|19700101001202.354|CC1|RU2|A revolution in Iran had 19700101001202.488|19700101001205.357|CC1|RU2|crippled the company. 19700101001205.491|19700101001206.692|CC1|RU2|>> Among its peers, it was a 19700101001206.826|19700101001207.426|CC1|RU2|company to be pitied rather than 19700101001207.560|19700101001209.395|CC1|RU2|emulated. 19700101001209.528|19700101001211.363|CC1|RU2|It had had to cut its dividends, 19700101001211.497|19700101001214.667|CC1|RU2|its share price was at a low. 19700101001214.800|19700101001216.102|CC1|RU2|BP was in a very dark place in 19700101001216.235|19700101001219.472|CC1|RU2|the late '80s, early '90s. 19700101001219.605|19700101001221.173|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: It was then that a 19700101001221.307|19700101001222.341|CC1|RU2|new group of managers came along 19700101001222.475|19700101001223.509|CC1|RU2|and attempted to rescue the 19700101001223.642|19700101001226.045|CC1|RU2|company from mediocrity. 19700101001226.178|19700101001227.880|CC1|RU2|>> It was a good year for BP in 19700101001228.013|19700101001230.850|CC1|RU2|very challenging times. 19700101001230.983|19700101001233.319|CC1|RU2|>> They had not found a way to 19700101001233.452|19700101001234.019|CC1|RU2|replace the Iranian reserves. 19700101001234.153|19700101001235.287|CC1|RU2|They were not going to do so 19700101001235.421|19700101001235.921|CC1|RU2|remaining hierarchical and 19700101001236.055|19700101001236.922|CC1|RU2|stuffy. 19700101001237.056|19700101001237.690|CC1|RU2|They had to get out there and 19700101001237.823|19700101001241.160|CC1|RU2|they had to compete. 19700101001241.293|19700101001243.329|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: A young engineer, 19700101001243.462|19700101001244.063|CC1|RU2|John Browne, was one of the new 19700101001244.196|19700101001246.565|CC1|RU2|managers. 19700101001246.699|19700101001247.600|CC1|RU2|From early on, he had a 19700101001247.733|19700101001248.601|CC1|RU2|reputation as an aggressive cost 19700101001248.734|19700101001251.370|CC1|RU2|cutter. 19700101001251.504|19700101001252.004|CC1|RU2|>> Jobs can be made wider, 19700101001252.138|19700101001252.638|CC1|RU2|without necessarily moving 19700101001252.772|19700101001254.273|CC1|RU2|people. 19700101001254.406|19700101001255.975|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: He was a math whiz, 19700101001256.108|19700101001256.675|CC1|RU2|a numbers man, and the board 19700101001256.809|19700101001259.145|CC1|RU2|liked him. 19700101001259.278|19700101001304.350|CC1|RU2|In 1995, he was made CEO. 19700101001304.483|19700101001305.417|CC1|RU2|But he was a different kind 19700101001305.551|19700101001307.419|CC1|RU2|of oilman. 19700101001307.553|19700101001309.421|CC1|RU2|>> In many ways, yes, he wasn't 19700101001309.555|19700101001311.190|CC1|RU2|a Texas oilman, but he was also 19700101001311.323|19700101001314.493|CC1|RU2|not even a European oilman. 19700101001314.627|19700101001315.895|CC1|RU2|He had very refined tastes, he 19700101001316.028|19700101001316.996|CC1|RU2|enjoyed, obviously, fine wine, 19700101001317.129|19700101001319.865|CC1|RU2|and he enjoyed his cigars. 19700101001319.999|19700101001320.599|CC1|RU2|He was a very big opera-goer and 19700101001320.733|19700101001323.769|CC1|RU2|opera buff. 19700101001323.903|19700101001324.804|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: He never married 19700101001324.937|19700101001326.405|CC1|RU2|and lived with his mother, who 19700101001326.539|19700101001327.072|CC1|RU2|often accompanied him to BP 19700101001327.206|19700101001331.043|CC1|RU2|functions. 19700101001331.177|19700101001339.151|CC1|RU2|>> He doesn't have that larger 19700101001339.285|19700101001340.452|CC1|RU2|than life J.R. Ewing kind of 19700101001340.586|19700101001341.520|CC1|RU2|thing going on at all, but he 19700101001341.654|19700101001342.521|CC1|RU2|was definitely willing to take 19700101001342.655|19700101001343.189|CC1|RU2|big risks and make big, big 19700101001343.322|19700101001343.656|CC1|RU2|bets. 19700101001343.789|19700101001344.723|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Browne surrounded 19700101001344.857|19700101001345.925|CC1|RU2|himself with a small group of 19700101001346.058|19700101001347.326|CC1|RU2|executives, including Bob 19700101001347.459|19700101001348.694|CC1|RU2|Dudley, Tony Hayward, and John 19700101001348.828|19700101001350.162|CC1|RU2|Manzoni, known inside the 19700101001350.296|19700101001352.598|CC1|RU2|company as his "turtles." 19700101001352.731|19700101001354.667|CC1|RU2|>> As in Ninja Turtles, rising 19700101001354.800|19700101001356.702|CC1|RU2|stars in the BP corporate 19700101001356.836|19700101001357.469|CC1|RU2|structure who he thought, one 19700101001357.603|19700101001358.137|CC1|RU2|day, had the ability or the 19700101001358.270|19700101001401.040|CC1|RU2|potential to lead the company. 19700101001401.173|19700101001401.774|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Until then, Browne 19700101001401.907|19700101001404.810|CC1|RU2|set the agenda. 19700101001404.944|19700101001406.312|CC1|RU2|It was Browne who took the 19700101001406.445|19700101001406.979|CC1|RU2|company on a gigantic buying 19700101001407.112|19700101001408.180|CC1|RU2|spree. 19700101001408.314|19700101001408.781|CC1|RU2|>> John wanted to be the 19700101001408.914|19700101001410.749|CC1|RU2|biggest. 19700101001410.883|19700101001412.518|CC1|RU2|He was competing with Mobil, 19700101001412.651|19700101001413.319|CC1|RU2|competing with Exxon, competing 19700101001413.452|19700101001416.222|CC1|RU2|with Chevron. 19700101001416.355|19700101001417.957|CC1|RU2|And he was bound and determined 19700101001418.090|19700101001420.960|CC1|RU2|to use mergers and acquisitions 19700101001421.093|19700101001421.694|CC1|RU2|as the lever to propel BP into 19700101001421.827|19700101001423.596|CC1|RU2|the big leagues. 19700101001423.729|19700101001424.730|CC1|RU2|>> By merging our assets and 19700101001424.864|19700101001426.198|CC1|RU2|our prospects with those of 19700101001426.332|19700101001427.066|CC1|RU2|Amoco... 19700101001427.199|19700101001428.200|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Browne began by 19700101001428.334|19700101001430.002|CC1|RU2|purchasing Amoco. 19700101001430.135|19700101001432.004|CC1|RU2|>> If you put the two together, 19700101001432.137|19700101001433.038|CC1|RU2|you have a world-class set of 19700101001433.172|19700101001435.007|CC1|RU2|complementary assets. 19700101001435.140|19700101001436.242|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Then, quickly, 19700101001436.375|19700101001438.544|CC1|RU2|Browne would buy six other 19700101001438.677|19700101001439.645|CC1|RU2|companies, including Arco with 19700101001439.778|19700101001441.513|CC1|RU2|its large Alaskan holdings. 19700101001441.647|19700101001442.181|CC1|RU2|>> Putting the two companies 19700101001442.314|19700101001443.616|CC1|RU2|together... 19700101001443.749|19700101001445.150|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In just five years, 19700101001445.284|19700101001445.818|CC1|RU2|he quadrupled the company's 19700101001445.951|19700101001447.519|CC1|RU2|value. 19700101001447.653|19700101001449.421|CC1|RU2|>> We'll be the largest producer 19700101001449.555|19700101001451.090|CC1|RU2|of oil in the non-OPEC world. 19700101001451.223|19700101001453.259|CC1|RU2|>> It's a remarkable feat. 19700101001453.392|19700101001454.326|CC1|RU2|Almost overnight, BP became a 19700101001454.460|19700101001455.661|CC1|RU2|world player. 19700101001455.794|19700101001456.228|CC1|RU2|>> Time to go beyond. 19700101001456.362|19700101001456.595|CC1|RU2|>> Beyond. 19700101001456.729|19700101001457.529|CC1|RU2|>> Beyond. 19700101001457.663|19700101001459.431|CC1|RU2|>> They went from a struggling 19700101001459.565|19700101001501.000|CC1|RU2|also-ran into a company that was 19700101001501.133|19700101001501.734|CC1|RU2|fast on the heels of Exxon, the 19700101001501.867|19700101001504.837|CC1|RU2|largest company in the world. 19700101001504.970|19700101001507.106|CC1|RU2|>> The people of BP believe it's 19700101001507.239|19700101001508.207|CC1|RU2|time to go beyond what the world 19700101001508.340|19700101001511.510|CC1|RU2|expects from an energy company. 19700101001511.644|19700101001512.912|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: But by the end of 19700101001513.045|19700101001515.247|CC1|RU2|his buying spree, Browne was 19700101001515.381|19700101001518.017|CC1|RU2|under pressure both to cut costs 19700101001518.150|19700101001519.385|CC1|RU2|and to reinvent his company. 19700101001519.518|19700101001521.553|CC1|RU2|>> One of the problems with 19700101001521.687|19700101001522.554|CC1|RU2|building a company up in bits... 19700101001522.688|19700101001523.956|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Browne spoke of the 19700101001524.089|19700101001524.924|CC1|RU2|challenge at this management 19700101001525.057|19700101001526.959|CC1|RU2|retreat in 2003. 19700101001527.092|19700101001530.763|CC1|RU2|>> Here's the practical, real 19700101001530.896|19700101001531.497|CC1|RU2|danger-- a complex organization 19700101001531.630|19700101001534.667|CC1|RU2|cannot be specified in rules. 19700101001534.800|19700101001536.468|CC1|RU2|>> Growth creates challenges to 19700101001536.602|19700101001537.836|CC1|RU2|management. 19700101001537.970|19700101001539.471|CC1|RU2|There's no question about that. 19700101001539.605|19700101001540.673|CC1|RU2|I've worked with small 19700101001540.806|19700101001541.407|CC1|RU2|companies, I've worked with big 19700101001541.540|19700101001541.907|CC1|RU2|companies. 19700101001542.041|19700101001542.574|CC1|RU2|Big companies are harder to 19700101001542.708|19700101001544.043|CC1|RU2|manage. 19700101001544.176|19700101001545.844|CC1|RU2|>> So Enron melted down, 19700101001545.978|19700101001548.380|CC1|RU2|Worldcom had an accounting 19700101001548.514|19700101001550.049|CC1|RU2|scandal, Adelphia, you know, the 19700101001550.182|19700101001552.151|CC1|RU2|CEO has gone to jail, I think. 19700101001552.284|19700101001554.019|CC1|RU2|>> BP, in this case, just grows 19700101001554.153|19700101001555.220|CC1|RU2|beyond its management ability to 19700101001555.354|19700101001556.088|CC1|RU2|watch everything they need to 19700101001556.221|19700101001556.789|CC1|RU2|watch when they need to watch 19700101001556.922|19700101001557.890|CC1|RU2|it. 19700101001558.023|19700101001559.091|CC1|RU2|>> Delegation, of course, comes 19700101001559.224|19700101001601.493|CC1|RU2|with limits. 19700101001601.627|19700101001604.263|CC1|RU2|>> Browne has shown himself as 19700101001604.396|19700101001606.098|CC1|RU2|having an ability to get deals 19700101001606.231|19700101001608.200|CC1|RU2|done, understanding how to 19700101001608.334|19700101001609.935|CC1|RU2|negotiate complex deals. 19700101001610.069|19700101001611.804|CC1|RU2|>> It's about integration, too, 19700101001611.937|19700101001612.938|CC1|RU2|and I'll come back to that. 19700101001613.072|19700101001614.540|CC1|RU2|>> But while they were 19700101001614.673|19700101001616.508|CC1|RU2|successful in expanding 19700101001616.642|19700101001618.610|CC1|RU2|commercially, they were less 19700101001618.744|19700101001620.646|CC1|RU2|successful in instituting a 19700101001620.779|19700101001621.547|CC1|RU2|sense of operational excellence 19700101001621.680|19700101001623.182|CC1|RU2|within the organization. 19700101001623.315|19700101001625.818|CC1|RU2|>> You must be very clear as a 19700101001625.951|19700101001627.820|CC1|RU2|leader who it is you are 19700101001627.953|19700101001629.088|CC1|RU2|delegating authority to. 19700101001629.221|19700101001630.923|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In an interview 19700101001631.056|19700101001632.491|CC1|RU2|that year, Browne acknowledged 19700101001632.624|19700101001633.859|CC1|RU2|that the real measure of his new 19700101001633.993|19700101001635.260|CC1|RU2|company lay ahead. 19700101001635.394|19700101001638.030|CC1|RU2|>> And the real quality of a 19700101001638.163|19700101001640.332|CC1|RU2|company is, of course, the test 19700101001640.466|19700101001641.700|CC1|RU2|on how well things are going 19700101001641.834|19700101001644.636|CC1|RU2|when things go well, but the 19700101001644.770|19700101001645.371|CC1|RU2|real test is, how do we respond 19700101001645.504|19700101001646.505|CC1|RU2|when things go wrong? 19700101001653.312|19700101001656.682|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Things went wrong 19700101001656.815|19700101001658.183|CC1|RU2|on March 23, 2005, as workers 19700101001658.317|19700101001700.319|CC1|RU2|at the Texas City plant were 19700101001700.452|19700101001701.020|CC1|RU2|starting up the isomerization 19700101001701.153|19700101001703.655|CC1|RU2|unit. 19700101001703.789|19700101001705.891|CC1|RU2|The ISOM unit, used to boost 19700101001706.025|19700101001707.760|CC1|RU2|the octane level of gasoline, 19700101001707.893|19700101001709.128|CC1|RU2|had been down for maintenance, 19700101001709.261|19700101001713.032|CC1|RU2|the so-called turnaround. 19700101001713.165|19700101001715.534|CC1|RU2|>> The most dangerous time of a 19700101001715.667|19700101001717.970|CC1|RU2|refinery unit is when it's being 19700101001718.103|19700101001720.039|CC1|RU2|started up, and when it's being 19700101001720.172|19700101001721.640|CC1|RU2|decommissioned and taking the 19700101001721.774|19700101001722.508|CC1|RU2|product out of it and turning it 19700101001722.641|19700101001725.077|CC1|RU2|off, so to speak. 19700101001725.210|19700101001726.745|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Dave Senko, a 19700101001726.879|19700101001728.047|CC1|RU2|supervisor with Jacobs 19700101001728.180|19700101001730.416|CC1|RU2|Engineering, a BP contractor, 19700101001730.549|19700101001733.118|CC1|RU2|was off site at the time, but 19700101001733.252|19700101001735.087|CC1|RU2|his team, unaware of any danger, 19700101001735.220|19700101001736.188|CC1|RU2|had gathered inside a trailer 19700101001736.321|19700101001739.158|CC1|RU2|near the adjacent ISOM unit. 19700101001739.291|19700101001741.060|CC1|RU2|>> We were not told that that 19700101001741.193|19700101001743.495|CC1|RU2|unit was in a turnaround mode. 19700101001743.629|19700101001744.830|CC1|RU2|None of my people were aware. 19700101001744.963|19700101001746.665|CC1|RU2|>> We were never told. 19700101001746.799|19700101001748.167|CC1|RU2|We have a morning meeting before 19700101001748.300|19700101001748.834|CC1|RU2|we start the day, to talk 19700101001748.967|19700101001749.168|CC1|RU2|about... 19700101001749.301|19700101001750.669|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Dave Leining of BP 19700101001750.803|19700101001753.005|CC1|RU2|was meeting with Senko's team. 19700101001753.138|19700101001753.639|CC1|RU2|He was also unaware of the 19700101001753.772|19700101001755.774|CC1|RU2|startup. 19700101001755.908|19700101001757.042|CC1|RU2|>> Nobody said a word to us 19700101001757.176|19700101001800.946|CC1|RU2|about the ISOM starting up. 19700101001801.080|19700101001803.382|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: By midday, workers 19700101001803.515|19700101001804.950|CC1|RU2|had unknowingly overfilled the 19700101001805.084|19700101001805.584|CC1|RU2|ISOM tower with flammable 19700101001805.717|19700101001807.653|CC1|RU2|liquids. 19700101001807.786|19700101001809.254|CC1|RU2|>> The tower steadily filling 19700101001809.388|19700101001809.988|CC1|RU2|with liquid, more than 15 times 19700101001810.122|19700101001812.958|CC1|RU2|the normal level. 19700101001813.092|19700101001813.826|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: A gauge that was 19700101001813.959|19700101001814.660|CC1|RU2|supposed to measure the amount 19700101001814.793|19700101001817.996|CC1|RU2|of liquid in the tower failed. 19700101001818.130|19700101001818.931|CC1|RU2|Some alarms that should have 19700101001819.064|19700101001820.933|CC1|RU2|sounded didn't. 19700101001821.066|19700101001821.533|CC1|RU2|Other alarms were simply 19700101001821.667|19700101001825.704|CC1|RU2|ignored. 19700101001825.838|19700101001827.306|CC1|RU2|In an emergency, excess gas and 19700101001827.439|19700101001829.708|CC1|RU2|liquid can be rerouted to the 19700101001829.842|19700101001830.442|CC1|RU2|blowdown drum, but there was too 19700101001830.576|19700101001831.844|CC1|RU2|much. 19700101001831.977|19700101001833.479|CC1|RU2|>> As flammable hydrocarbons 19700101001833.612|19700101001836.348|CC1|RU2|overfilled the blowdown drum, 19700101001836.482|19700101001838.050|CC1|RU2|operators nearby saw a geyser of 19700101001838.183|19700101001838.784|CC1|RU2|liquid and vapor erupt from the 19700101001838.917|19700101001840.352|CC1|RU2|top of the stack. 19700101001840.486|19700101001842.254|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The antiquated 19700101001842.387|19700101001843.222|CC1|RU2|blowdown drum had no flare to 19700101001843.355|19700101001845.891|CC1|RU2|handle the emergency. 19700101001846.024|19700101001847.793|CC1|RU2|>> The actual flammable liquid 19700101001847.926|19700101001849.194|CC1|RU2|is flying out the top of this 19700101001849.328|19700101001851.296|CC1|RU2|thing like Old Faithful. 19700101001851.430|19700101001851.997|CC1|RU2|>> The trailer started shaking 19700101001852.131|19700101001853.765|CC1|RU2|real violent. 19700101001853.899|19700101001855.334|CC1|RU2|And as I got up and turned 19700101001855.467|19700101001856.001|CC1|RU2|sideways, that's when the 19700101001856.135|19700101001857.669|CC1|RU2|explosion happened. 19700101001857.803|19700101001900.072|CC1|RU2|And then, just the force of the 19700101001900.205|19700101001902.741|CC1|RU2|blast knocked me down to the 19700101001902.875|19700101001903.876|CC1|RU2|ground, and then you could see a 19700101001904.009|19700101001905.978|CC1|RU2|big ball of fire just roll over 19700101001906.111|19700101001906.612|CC1|RU2|our heads, right over the 19700101001906.745|19700101001908.080|CC1|RU2|trailer. 19700101001908.213|19700101001909.281|CC1|RU2|It just got real quiet. 19700101001909.414|19700101001911.717|CC1|RU2|It got real dark. 19700101001911.850|19700101001912.684|CC1|RU2|I figured, you know, "That's... 19700101001912.818|19700101001913.752|CC1|RU2|that's the end." 19700101001913.886|19700101001914.653|CC1|RU2|>> 9-1-1. 19700101001914.786|19700101001915.954|CC1|RU2|>> A plant just blew up. 19700101001916.088|19700101001917.489|CC1|RU2|Oh, my God. 19700101001917.623|19700101001918.223|CC1|RU2|>> Texas City 9-1-1, state your 19700101001918.357|19700101001918.590|CC1|RU2|emergency. 19700101001918.724|19700101001919.958|CC1|RU2|>> Yes. 19700101001920.092|19700101001921.293|CC1|RU2|This plant just blew up. 19700101001921.426|19700101001924.696|CC1|RU2|>> It's the ISOM, the ISOM! 19700101001924.830|19700101001926.465|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: It was the biggest 19700101001926.598|19700101001928.467|CC1|RU2|industrial accident in decades. 19700101001928.600|19700101001929.535|CC1|RU2|>> Get me at least a half dozen 19700101001929.668|19700101001930.836|CC1|RU2|available firemen. 19700101001930.969|19700101001932.337|CC1|RU2|We got people trapped in these 19700101001932.471|19700101001937.009|CC1|RU2|trailers, trying to get to them. 19700101001937.142|19700101001938.143|CC1|RU2|>> It's been a sad day for the 19700101001938.277|19700101001940.712|CC1|RU2|BP Texas City Titans. 19700101001940.846|19700101001941.413|CC1|RU2|It's a really sad day for me, 19700101001941.547|19700101001943.282|CC1|RU2|personally, as well. 19700101001943.415|19700101001946.084|CC1|RU2|At this time, regretfully and 19700101001946.218|19700101001948.187|CC1|RU2|with shock, I have to report to 19700101001948.320|19700101001948.887|CC1|RU2|you that there have been some 19700101001949.021|19700101001950.455|CC1|RU2|fatalities. 19700101001950.589|19700101001951.890|CC1|RU2|>> Mr. Browne has spent the 19700101001952.024|19700101001953.692|CC1|RU2|morning visiting our site. 19700101001953.825|19700101001954.393|CC1|RU2|He's now agreed to spend a few 19700101001954.526|19700101001956.461|CC1|RU2|minutes with you. 19700101001956.595|19700101001957.162|CC1|RU2|This is John Browne, our group 19700101001957.296|19700101002000.065|CC1|RU2|chief executive. 19700101002000.199|19700101002001.400|CC1|RU2|>> Thank you. 19700101002001.533|19700101002002.201|CC1|RU2|Ladies and gentlemen, good 19700101002002.334|19700101002002.834|CC1|RU2|morning and thank you for 19700101002002.968|19700101002005.404|CC1|RU2|joining us. 19700101002005.537|19700101002006.405|CC1|RU2|Yesterday was a dark day in BP's 19700101002006.538|19700101002010.375|CC1|RU2|history. 19700101002010.509|19700101002012.244|CC1|RU2|All of us at BP are very deeply 19700101002012.377|19700101002015.247|CC1|RU2|saddened by the loss of life and 19700101002015.380|19700101002015.914|CC1|RU2|injuries suffered by so many 19700101002016.048|19700101002017.482|CC1|RU2|people. 19700101002017.616|19700101002019.017|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Lawsuits ensued. 19700101002019.151|19700101002021.753|CC1|RU2|>> My name is John Manzoni. 19700101002021.887|19700101002022.788|CC1|RU2|I live in London and I'm with BP 19700101002022.921|19700101002023.288|CC1|RU2|and my... 19700101002023.422|19700101002025.557|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In a taped 19700101002025.691|19700101002026.858|CC1|RU2|deposition, John Manzoni, head 19700101002026.992|19700101002027.593|CC1|RU2|of refining, was asked about his 19700101002027.726|19700101002029.928|CC1|RU2|visits to Texas City. 19700101002030.062|19700101002030.829|CC1|RU2|>> When was the first time you 19700101002030.963|19700101002031.930|CC1|RU2|learned there were serious 19700101002032.064|19700101002032.598|CC1|RU2|safety concerns at BP Texas 19700101002032.731|19700101002034.132|CC1|RU2|City? 19700101002034.266|19700101002035.400|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Manzoni claimed 19700101002035.534|19700101002036.835|CC1|RU2|he'd never been made aware of 19700101002036.969|19700101002037.502|CC1|RU2|serious safety issues at the 19700101002037.636|19700101002038.670|CC1|RU2|plant. 19700101002038.804|19700101002041.073|CC1|RU2|>> The 23rd of March, 2005. 19700101002041.206|19700101002044.042|CC1|RU2|>> Before that, you had no idea 19700101002044.176|19700101002044.676|CC1|RU2|that there was a risk of 19700101002044.810|19700101002050.716|CC1|RU2|catastrophic injury? 19700101002050.849|19700101002053.552|CC1|RU2|>> No. 19700101002053.685|19700101002056.021|CC1|RU2|I think had I been aware that we 19700101002056.154|19700101002057.055|CC1|RU2|could have had a catastrophic 19700101002057.189|19700101002058.156|CC1|RU2|failure, we would have taken 19700101002058.290|19700101002100.158|CC1|RU2|action earlier. 19700101002100.292|19700101002101.793|CC1|RU2|>> When Mr. Manzoni was asked 19700101002101.927|19700101002103.695|CC1|RU2|directly, "Were you aware of all 19700101002103.829|19700101002106.265|CC1|RU2|of the multiple safety concerns 19700101002106.398|19700101002106.999|CC1|RU2|being raised?" his response was 19700101002107.132|19700101002108.734|CC1|RU2|"No," 19700101002108.867|19700101002109.468|CC1|RU2|And I just... I couldn't believe 19700101002109.601|19700101002111.203|CC1|RU2|that was true. 19700101002111.336|19700101002112.471|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Manzoni also denied 19700101002112.604|19700101002113.171|CC1|RU2|knowing about the cost-cutting 19700101002113.305|19700101002115.207|CC1|RU2|in Texas City. 19700101002115.340|19700101002116.508|CC1|RU2|>> After the merger, there was 19700101002116.642|19700101002120.646|CC1|RU2|apparently a decision made to 19700101002120.779|19700101002121.546|CC1|RU2|advise the various business unit 19700101002121.680|19700101002123.682|CC1|RU2|leaders at the various 19700101002123.815|19700101002125.517|CC1|RU2|refineries to cut their fixed 19700101002125.651|19700101002127.219|CC1|RU2|operational budgets another 25%. 19700101002127.352|19700101002129.288|CC1|RU2|Do you know anything about that? 19700101002129.421|19700101002132.991|CC1|RU2|>> No, not specifically. 19700101002133.125|19700101002135.160|CC1|RU2|I don't know when that was. 19700101002135.294|19700101002137.129|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Eventually, BP paid 19700101002137.262|19700101002139.531|CC1|RU2|victims and their families over 19700101002139.665|19700101002140.332|CC1|RU2|a billion dollars in exchange 19700101002140.465|19700101002141.300|CC1|RU2|for their agreeing never 19700101002141.433|19700101002142.000|CC1|RU2|publicly to criticize the 19700101002142.134|19700101002145.871|CC1|RU2|company. 19700101002146.004|19700101002148.173|CC1|RU2|Everyone signed except for this 19700101002148.307|19700101002149.708|CC1|RU2|woman, Eva Rowe, who lost both 19700101002149.841|19700101002152.244|CC1|RU2|her mother and father. 19700101002152.377|19700101002153.545|CC1|RU2|>> BP wanted to meet and talk 19700101002153.679|19700101002156.014|CC1|RU2|about a settlement. 19700101002156.148|19700101002158.483|CC1|RU2|In my mind, I was thinking, "You 19700101002158.617|19700101002200.519|CC1|RU2|people are crazy that I'm just 19700101002200.652|19700101002201.286|CC1|RU2|going to sign this and go away, 19700101002201.420|19700101002202.321|CC1|RU2|and you guys are going to get 19700101002202.454|19700101002203.889|CC1|RU2|away with what you've done?" 19700101002204.022|19700101002206.058|CC1|RU2|>> What did you say to them? 19700101002206.191|19700101002207.659|CC1|RU2|>> I specifically told them that 19700101002207.793|19700101002209.428|CC1|RU2|that sucks. 19700101002209.561|19700101002211.396|CC1|RU2|This was not an accident. 19700101002211.530|19700101002214.733|CC1|RU2|This was profits over people. 19700101002214.866|19700101002216.268|CC1|RU2|I mean, they were, like, small 19700101002216.401|19700101002217.469|CC1|RU2|repairs that would've cost their 19700101002217.602|19700101002218.503|CC1|RU2|company like $100,000 for, like, 19700101002218.637|19700101002220.505|CC1|RU2|a flare system. 19700101002220.639|19700101002222.307|CC1|RU2|That would've prevented the 19700101002222.441|19700101002223.041|CC1|RU2|explosion also, and they didn't 19700101002223.175|19700101002225.077|CC1|RU2|do that. 19700101002225.210|19700101002226.111|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Rowe says that BP 19700101002226.244|19700101002227.546|CC1|RU2|did not get in touch with her 19700101002227.679|19700101002230.182|CC1|RU2|until a month after the blast, 19700101002230.315|19700101002231.683|CC1|RU2|when they sent her $25,000 and 19700101002231.817|19700101002232.818|CC1|RU2|this letter. 19700101002232.951|19700101002235.187|CC1|RU2|>> I got a form letter. 19700101002235.320|19700101002236.121|CC1|RU2|"Dear Ms. Rowe, we're sorry for 19700101002236.254|19700101002236.822|CC1|RU2|the loss of your father, James 19700101002236.955|19700101002238.290|CC1|RU2|Rowe." 19700101002238.423|19700101002239.291|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: But it was the only 19700101002239.424|19700101002241.093|CC1|RU2|letter she received. 19700101002241.226|19700101002242.627|CC1|RU2|>> I never received one that 19700101002242.761|19700101002243.328|CC1|RU2|apologized for the loss of my 19700101002243.462|19700101002244.696|CC1|RU2|mother. 19700101002244.830|19700101002253.305|CC1|RU2|So, it was kind of upsetting. 19700101002253.438|19700101002254.039|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: A year and a half 19700101002254.172|19700101002255.073|CC1|RU2|after the accident, BP finally 19700101002255.207|19700101002257.542|CC1|RU2|settled with Rowe for an 19700101002257.676|19700101002259.077|CC1|RU2|undisclosed amount of money and 19700101002259.211|19700101002259.811|CC1|RU2|$32 million in donations to 19700101002259.945|19700101002303.749|CC1|RU2|charities of her choice. 19700101002303.882|19700101002305.517|CC1|RU2|She also insisted that BP be 19700101002305.650|19700101002306.752|CC1|RU2|forced to release seven million 19700101002306.885|19700101002308.420|CC1|RU2|internal documents. 19700101002308.553|19700101002310.188|CC1|RU2|>> That's all I wanted in the 19700101002310.322|19700101002316.495|CC1|RU2|first place, was for the world 19700101002316.628|19700101002317.763|CC1|RU2|to able to have the information 19700101002317.896|19700101002318.563|CC1|RU2|from BP on what happened there. 19700101002318.697|19700101002319.765|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Those documents 19700101002319.898|19700101002320.732|CC1|RU2|contributed substantially to 19700101002320.866|19700101002322.100|CC1|RU2|government investigations into 19700101002322.234|19700101002324.770|CC1|RU2|what happened at Texas City. 19700101002324.903|19700101002326.738|CC1|RU2|Another investigation, 19700101002326.872|19700101002328.373|CC1|RU2|commissioned by BP, was led by 19700101002328.507|19700101002329.107|CC1|RU2|former Secretary of State James 19700101002329.241|19700101002331.710|CC1|RU2|Baker. 19700101002331.843|19700101002332.611|CC1|RU2|>> BP is going to approach 19700101002332.744|19700101002333.578|CC1|RU2|process safety.... 19700101002333.712|19700101002334.346|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The reports 19700101002334.479|19700101002335.647|CC1|RU2|concurred. 19700101002335.781|19700101002337.616|CC1|RU2|>> BP has not adequately 19700101002337.749|19700101002339.050|CC1|RU2|established process safety as a 19700101002339.184|19700101002340.352|CC1|RU2|core value. 19700101002340.485|19700101002341.286|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: At the end of 19700101002341.420|19700101002343.655|CC1|RU2|Baker's press conference, Browne 19700101002343.789|19700101002344.356|CC1|RU2|apologized via satellite from 19700101002344.489|19700101002346.358|CC1|RU2|London. 19700101002346.491|19700101002347.893|CC1|RU2|>> BP gets it, and I get it, 19700101002348.026|19700101002350.462|CC1|RU2|too. 19700101002350.595|19700101002352.864|CC1|RU2|This has happened on my watch, 19700101002352.998|19700101002354.733|CC1|RU2|and as chief executive, I have a 19700101002354.866|19700101002355.534|CC1|RU2|responsibility to learn from 19700101002355.667|19700101002357.369|CC1|RU2|what has occurred. 19700101002357.502|19700101002358.837|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: $71 million in 19700101002358.970|19700101002400.972|CC1|RU2|federal fines were paid, but no 19700101002401.106|19700101002401.640|CC1|RU2|BP official was ever charged 19700101002401.773|19700101002404.843|CC1|RU2|with a crime. 19700101002404.976|19700101002406.011|CC1|RU2|>> What bothers me most is that 19700101002406.144|19700101002408.013|CC1|RU2|here we are, five plus years 19700101002408.146|19700101002410.715|CC1|RU2|after that blast, and not a 19700101002410.849|19700101002413.151|CC1|RU2|single person has been blamed 19700101002413.285|19700101002414.753|CC1|RU2|for the incident or the 19700101002414.886|19700101002420.492|CC1|RU2|conditions that caused it. 19700101002420.625|19700101002422.794|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Today, the refinery 19700101002422.928|19700101002424.496|CC1|RU2|continues to be one of BP's most 19700101002424.629|19700101002427.199|CC1|RU2|troubled and dangerous. 19700101002427.332|19700101002428.633|CC1|RU2|Four people have died here since 19700101002428.767|19700101002431.303|CC1|RU2|the 2005 accident. 19700101002431.436|19700101002438.610|CC1|RU2|And in June 2010, T.J. Aulds of 19700101002438.743|19700101002439.511|CC1|RU2|the Galveston "Daily News" 19700101002439.644|19700101002440.979|CC1|RU2|reported that BP Texas City 19700101002441.112|19700101002442.280|CC1|RU2|released toxic gases over a 19700101002442.414|19700101002443.648|CC1|RU2|40-day period this last spring. 19700101002443.782|19700101002444.749|CC1|RU2|It resulted in more than half a 19700101002444.883|19700101002447.886|CC1|RU2|million pounds of pollution. 19700101002448.019|19700101002448.520|CC1|RU2|BP reported the release to 19700101002448.653|19700101002449.654|CC1|RU2|regulators. 19700101002449.788|19700101002455.393|CC1|RU2|The EPA is investigating. 19700101002455.527|19700101002455.961|CC1|RU2|>> It's their history. 19700101002456.094|19700101002456.795|CC1|RU2|Bad things have happened 19700101002456.928|19700101002459.898|CC1|RU2|everywhere BP operates. 19700101002500.031|19700101002501.199|CC1|RU2|Everywhere they operate, 19700101002501.333|19700101002504.035|CC1|RU2|something bad happens. 19700101002504.169|19700101002506.271|CC1|RU2|>> BP is in crisis mode after 19700101002506.404|19700101002507.172|CC1|RU2|severe pipeline corrosion forced 19700101002507.305|19700101002508.039|CC1|RU2|the company... 19700101002508.173|19700101002511.476|CC1|RU2|>> The conditions at the spill 19700101002511.610|19700101002512.777|CC1|RU2|site: nothing less than 19700101002512.911|19700101002516.948|CC1|RU2|brutal. 19700101002517.082|19700101002517.549|CC1|RU2|>> ...calls now for 19700101002517.682|19700101002518.283|CC1|RU2|investigative hearings into why 19700101002518.416|19700101002519.017|CC1|RU2|the company had to shut down... 19700101002519.150|19700101002519.951|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: A year after the 19700101002520.085|19700101002521.920|CC1|RU2|explosion in Texas City, there 19700101002522.053|19700101002522.654|CC1|RU2|were problems on another front: 19700101002522.787|19700101002524.256|CC1|RU2|Alaska. 19700101002529.027|19700101002531.096|CC1|RU2|This is BP's giant Prudhoe Bay 19700101002531.229|19700101002531.763|CC1|RU2|oil field on Alaska's North 19700101002531.897|19700101002534.132|CC1|RU2|Slope. 19700101002534.266|19700101002537.302|CC1|RU2|It represents 8% of America's 19700101002537.435|19700101002540.138|CC1|RU2|domestic oil production. 19700101002540.272|19700101002542.641|CC1|RU2|But opened more than 30 years 19700101002542.774|19700101002543.975|CC1|RU2|ago, inadequate or deferred 19700101002544.109|19700101002544.876|CC1|RU2|maintenance here, too, has 19700101002545.010|19700101002547.145|CC1|RU2|workers worried. 19700101002547.279|19700101002548.880|CC1|RU2|>> The pipelines are rusted 19700101002549.014|19700101002549.548|CC1|RU2|where insulation has fallen 19700101002549.681|19700101002550.448|CC1|RU2|off. 19700101002550.582|19700101002552.984|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Managers won't 19700101002553.118|19700101002554.753|CC1|RU2|talk, but workers like Marc 19700101002554.886|19700101002557.055|CC1|RU2|Kovac, protected by their union, 19700101002557.188|19700101002558.957|CC1|RU2|explained how, back in the '60s, 19700101002559.090|19700101002559.758|CC1|RU2|everyone thought the field would 19700101002559.891|19700101002602.894|CC1|RU2|last 20 years. 19700101002603.028|19700101002605.163|CC1|RU2|They were wrong. 19700101002605.297|19700101002607.032|CC1|RU2|>> All of the modules were 19700101002607.165|19700101002609.668|CC1|RU2|designed in 1966 and put in 19700101002609.801|19700101002612.871|CC1|RU2|place in the '70s. 19700101002613.004|19700101002614.773|CC1|RU2|And the expected lifespan of the 19700101002614.906|19700101002617.609|CC1|RU2|field and that equipment was 19700101002617.742|19700101002618.476|CC1|RU2|designed to last till 1987, and 19700101002618.610|19700101002619.110|CC1|RU2|then it was supposed to be 19700101002619.244|19700101002621.446|CC1|RU2|pulled out. 19700101002621.580|19700101002622.981|CC1|RU2|After they started drilling, 19700101002623.114|19700101002625.417|CC1|RU2|they knew that the pay zone was 19700101002625.550|19700101002626.685|CC1|RU2|a lot deeper, but we're still 19700101002626.818|19700101002627.886|CC1|RU2|using a lot of the 19700101002628.019|19700101002629.321|CC1|RU2|infrastructure that was supposed 19700101002629.454|19700101002631.690|CC1|RU2|to be pulled out in '87. 19700101002631.823|19700101002633.558|CC1|RU2|They're going to run everything 19700101002633.692|19700101002634.559|CC1|RU2|to failure, which means that 19700101002634.693|19700101002635.961|CC1|RU2|everything here is going to be 19700101002636.094|19700101002637.095|CC1|RU2|worn out completely by the time 19700101002637.228|19700101002640.832|CC1|RU2|they decide to leave. 19700101002640.966|19700101002642.534|CC1|RU2|>> There is so much money here 19700101002642.667|19700101002646.638|CC1|RU2|RíRw! 19700101002646.771|19700101002648.073|CC1|RU2|that they're kind of in the 19700101002648.206|19700101002650.609|CC1|RU2|quandary of having all this 19700101002650.742|19700101002652.510|CC1|RU2|aging infrastructure, but they 19700101002652.644|19700101002654.279|CC1|RU2|have to stay here to make the 19700101002654.412|19700101002655.013|CC1|RU2|big money that they're making 19700101002655.146|19700101002658.450|CC1|RU2|off of here. 19700101002658.583|19700101002700.652|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: As in Texas City, 19700101002700.785|19700101002701.453|CC1|RU2|the workers say BP has focused 19700101002701.586|19700101002705.457|CC1|RU2|on cost cutting. 19700101002705.590|19700101002707.726|CC1|RU2|>> When I was doing reporting on 19700101002707.859|19700101002709.594|CC1|RU2|Alaska, that's when I really 19700101002709.728|19700101002711.329|CC1|RU2|began to hear about this 19700101002711.463|19700101002712.931|CC1|RU2|incredible focus on cost cuts 19700101002713.064|19700101002713.531|CC1|RU2|and that there was just 19700101002713.665|19700101002717.135|CC1|RU2|tremendous pressure. 19700101002717.268|19700101002718.670|CC1|RU2|It was just shocking to me that 19700101002718.803|19700101002719.738|CC1|RU2|a company would be flying so 19700101002719.871|19700101002721.072|CC1|RU2|close to the edge on something, 19700101002721.206|19700101002721.806|CC1|RU2|you know, where the downside is 19700101002721.940|19700101002725.210|CC1|RU2|so huge. 19700101002725.343|19700101002727.445|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP employs nearly 19700101002727.579|19700101002729.247|CC1|RU2|300 contractors to inspect the 19700101002729.381|19700101002730.682|CC1|RU2|pipes and wells, but it's a huge 19700101002730.815|19700101002731.950|CC1|RU2|challenge. 19700101002732.083|19700101002735.053|CC1|RU2|>> Okay, you are set. 19700101002735.186|19700101002736.054|CC1|RU2|>> Our plan would say, "This 19700101002736.187|19700101002736.821|CC1|RU2|line, this line, and this line, 19700101002736.955|19700101002737.822|CC1|RU2|you're going to do five 19700101002737.956|19700101002739.658|CC1|RU2|inspections on it this year." 19700101002739.791|19700101002740.392|CC1|RU2|And it might be miles and miles 19700101002740.525|19700101002743.361|CC1|RU2|long. 19700101002743.495|19700101002744.796|CC1|RU2|And it's kind of like a 19700101002744.929|19700101002745.497|CC1|RU2|crapshoot, as far as, are you 19700101002745.630|19700101002746.164|CC1|RU2|going to find some damage or 19700101002746.297|19700101002747.799|CC1|RU2|not? 19700101002747.932|19700101002749.067|CC1|RU2|We're inspecting as much as we 19700101002749.200|19700101002751.102|CC1|RU2|have time to inspect, but 19700101002751.236|19700101002751.836|CC1|RU2|BP's... they base everything on 19700101002751.970|19700101002752.971|CC1|RU2|the risk. 19700101002753.104|19700101002756.007|CC1|RU2|You know, "What's the risk? 19700101002756.141|19700101002756.941|CC1|RU2|How far can we go with this 19700101002757.075|19700101002758.076|CC1|RU2|before we're going to lose a 19700101002758.209|19700101002759.110|CC1|RU2|life?" or, "How many lives can 19700101002759.244|19700101002759.844|CC1|RU2|we afford to lose before we need 19700101002759.978|19700101002805.483|CC1|RU2|to deal with this?" 19700101002805.617|19700101002808.053|CC1|RU2|>> Narrator: In 2002, oil worker 19700101002808.186|19700101002809.154|CC1|RU2|Don Shugak was about to inspect 19700101002809.287|19700101002811.690|CC1|RU2|well A-22. 19700101002811.823|19700101002813.591|CC1|RU2|>> He did not know and was not 19700101002813.725|19700101002814.292|CC1|RU2|told that that well had a leak 19700101002814.426|19700101002815.493|CC1|RU2|and had a problem. 19700101002815.627|19700101002817.696|CC1|RU2|The well blew up. 19700101002817.829|19700101002819.964|CC1|RU2|He was smashed against his 19700101002820.098|19700101002821.032|CC1|RU2|truck, and he had broken bones 19700101002821.166|19700101002823.501|CC1|RU2|and was burned. 19700101002823.635|19700101002824.669|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Don Shugak lay in a 19700101002824.803|19700101002826.971|CC1|RU2|coma for six weeks. 19700101002827.105|19700101002827.706|CC1|RU2|These pictures were taken after 19700101002827.839|19700101002830.241|CC1|RU2|he awoke. 19700101002830.375|19700101002831.409|CC1|RU2|He settled with BP for an 19700101002831.543|19700101002833.878|CC1|RU2|undisclosed sum. 19700101002834.012|19700101002834.579|CC1|RU2|In exchange, he agreed not to 19700101002834.713|19700101002837.015|CC1|RU2|speak to the media. 19700101002837.148|19700101002839.050|CC1|RU2|>> It's essentially a gag order. 19700101002839.184|19700101002840.752|CC1|RU2|There are many people who would 19700101002840.885|19700101002843.655|CC1|RU2|say that BP devotes more effort 19700101002843.788|19700101002844.789|CC1|RU2|and attention to making that a 19700101002844.923|19700101002846.024|CC1|RU2|priority than they do to keeping 19700101002846.157|19700101002846.691|CC1|RU2|their facilities safe in the 19700101002846.825|19700101002849.260|CC1|RU2|first place. 19700101002849.394|19700101002850.295|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: But far from 19700101002850.428|19700101002852.497|CC1|RU2|quieting concerns, Shugak's 19700101002852.630|19700101002854.966|CC1|RU2|accident spurred workers once 19700101002855.100|19700101002856.234|CC1|RU2|again to bring safety problems 19700101002856.367|19700101002858.570|CC1|RU2|to the attention of management. 19700101002858.703|19700101002859.304|CC1|RU2|>> And we would send a letter to 19700101002859.437|19700101002901.873|CC1|RU2|London. 19700101002902.006|19700101002903.208|CC1|RU2|Normally, we get a nice answer 19700101002903.341|19700101002905.176|CC1|RU2|back but no action. 19700101002905.310|19700101002906.444|CC1|RU2|>> Information had been brought 19700101002906.578|19700101002908.046|CC1|RU2|forward by the corrosion 19700101002908.179|19700101002909.714|CC1|RU2|technicians and other employees 19700101002909.848|19700101002911.816|CC1|RU2|to management, had been 19700101002911.950|19700101002912.884|CC1|RU2|summarily ignored, people had 19700101002913.017|19700101002916.955|CC1|RU2|been told to shut up about it, 19700101002917.088|19700101002919.090|CC1|RU2|and the potential for a 19700101002919.224|19700101002919.858|CC1|RU2|corrosion-related rupture was 19700101002919.991|19700101002922.160|CC1|RU2|significant. 19700101002922.293|19700101002923.928|CC1|RU2|And, lo and behold, in March of 19700101002924.062|19700101002926.231|CC1|RU2|'06, it proved to be true. 19700101002926.364|19700101002929.634|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In March 2006, 19700101002929.768|19700101002930.335|CC1|RU2|260,000 gallons of oil leaked 19700101002930.468|19700101002932.937|CC1|RU2|from a pipeline. 19700101002933.071|19700101002933.838|CC1|RU2|It was the worst spill ever on 19700101002933.972|19700101002936.808|CC1|RU2|the North Slope. 19700101002936.941|19700101002938.343|CC1|RU2|>> We told management there was 19700101002938.476|19700101002939.377|CC1|RU2|going to be spills and that 19700101002939.511|19700101002941.513|CC1|RU2|these lines were going to break. 19700101002941.646|19700101002942.614|CC1|RU2|And we had a lake of oil out 19700101002942.747|19700101002944.415|CC1|RU2|there that was over three 19700101002944.549|19700101002945.784|CC1|RU2|foot-deep and rippling in 19700101002945.917|19700101002948.486|CC1|RU2|40-below weather. 19700101002948.620|19700101002949.220|CC1|RU2|>> 200,000 gallons is nothing to 19700101002949.354|19700101002951.923|CC1|RU2|be sneezed at. 19700101002952.056|19700101002953.291|CC1|RU2|However, being that it was 19700101002953.424|19700101002955.894|CC1|RU2|wintertime, it made the response 19700101002956.027|19700101002957.295|CC1|RU2|possible to basically get most, 19700101002957.428|19700101002958.496|CC1|RU2|if not all, of the hydrocarbons 19700101002958.630|19700101003001.766|CC1|RU2|up out of the environment. 19700101003001.900|19700101003003.168|CC1|RU2|Had it been mid-summer and the 19700101003003.301|19700101003005.470|CC1|RU2|sheet flow of water across the 19700101003005.603|19700101003007.038|CC1|RU2|North Slope and into the 19700101003007.172|19700101003007.939|CC1|RU2|Beaufort Sea, 200,000 gallons 19700101003008.072|19700101003009.374|CC1|RU2|would have been an 19700101003009.507|19700101003010.008|CC1|RU2|environmental, ecological 19700101003010.141|19700101003013.411|CC1|RU2|disaster. 19700101003013.545|19700101003014.746|CC1|RU2|>> As it turned out, they 19700101003014.879|19700101003016.114|CC1|RU2|weren't doing enough of what 19700101003016.247|19700101003017.582|CC1|RU2|they call pigging, which is 19700101003017.715|19700101003018.750|CC1|RU2|putting through a metal thing-- 19700101003018.883|19700101003019.551|CC1|RU2|they call it a pig-- that clears 19700101003019.684|19700101003024.656|CC1|RU2|the sediment from the pipes. 19700101003024.789|19700101003027.959|CC1|RU2|This was an actual cost cut. 19700101003028.092|19700101003029.594|CC1|RU2|They figured they didn't need to 19700101003029.727|19700101003030.261|CC1|RU2|do it as often and they'd be 19700101003030.395|19700101003032.163|CC1|RU2|just fine. 19700101003032.297|19700101003035.500|CC1|RU2|>> We had not pigged and cleaned 19700101003035.633|19700101003040.672|CC1|RU2|the line for a long, long time. 19700101003040.805|19700101003042.040|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The pipe had not 19700101003042.173|19700101003044.876|CC1|RU2|been pigged for nearly a decade. 19700101003045.009|19700101003047.045|CC1|RU2|BP managers had concluded that 19700101003047.178|19700101003050.415|CC1|RU2|pigging wasn't necessary. 19700101003050.548|19700101003051.382|CC1|RU2|>> Several years previous to 19700101003051.516|19700101003053.084|CC1|RU2|this, they had wanted to do away 19700101003053.218|19700101003054.853|CC1|RU2|with the pigging crew entirely 19700101003054.986|19700101003055.987|CC1|RU2|in union negotiations. 19700101003056.120|19700101003057.455|CC1|RU2|They didn't want them. 19700101003057.589|19700101003058.723|CC1|RU2|They wanted to lay them off. 19700101003058.857|19700101003059.858|CC1|RU2|>> What, not pig at all? 19700101003059.991|19700101003101.326|CC1|RU2|>> Right. 19700101003101.459|19700101003102.360|CC1|RU2|They actually made that proposal 19700101003102.493|19700101003104.829|CC1|RU2|across the bargaining table. 19700101003104.963|19700101003108.867|CC1|RU2|And we said, "Absolutely not." 19700101003109.000|19700101003110.568|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Five months after 19700101003110.702|19700101003112.070|CC1|RU2|the spill, Lord Browne arrived 19700101003112.203|19700101003112.704|CC1|RU2|to personally inspect the 19700101003112.837|19700101003115.173|CC1|RU2|pipelines. 19700101003115.306|19700101003116.941|CC1|RU2|He was assured by his chief 19700101003117.075|19700101003117.775|CC1|RU2|corrosion expert that the leak 19700101003117.909|19700101003120.111|CC1|RU2|was an isolated incident. 19700101003120.245|19700101003121.479|CC1|RU2|>> The other lines that we still 19700101003121.613|19700101003123.882|CC1|RU2|have in operation today aren't 19700101003124.015|19700101003125.850|CC1|RU2|showing this problem at all, so 19700101003125.984|19700101003127.352|CC1|RU2|we believe right now that the 19700101003127.485|19700101003129.153|CC1|RU2|problem was located to this 19700101003129.287|19700101003131.222|CC1|RU2|specific segment of the line. 19700101003131.356|19700101003132.657|CC1|RU2|>> This is the only time that 19700101003132.790|19700101003134.292|CC1|RU2|something has happened, but 19700101003134.425|19700101003136.060|CC1|RU2|one... one time is too many. 19700101003136.194|19700101003137.595|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Two days later, 19700101003137.729|19700101003139.697|CC1|RU2|there was another spill. 19700101003139.831|19700101003140.832|CC1|RU2|>> BP is in crisis mode after 19700101003140.965|19700101003142.300|CC1|RU2|severe pipeline corrosion 19700101003142.433|19700101003143.768|CC1|RU2|forced the company to shut down 19700101003143.902|19700101003147.038|CC1|RU2|its Prudhoe Bay field in Alaska. 19700101003147.171|19700101003147.972|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP was forced to 19700101003148.106|19700101003150.808|CC1|RU2|shut down its operations. 19700101003150.942|19700101003153.611|CC1|RU2|It caused a major disruption in 19700101003153.745|19700101003155.213|CC1|RU2|oil supplies, and in the lower 19700101003155.346|19700101003156.114|CC1|RU2|48, a spike in prices at the 19700101003156.247|19700101003158.483|CC1|RU2|pump. 19700101003158.616|19700101003159.284|CC1|RU2|>> BP apologized again this 19700101003159.417|19700101003200.051|CC1|RU2|morning for their failure to 19700101003200.184|19700101003200.685|CC1|RU2|keep the crucial commodity 19700101003200.818|19700101003202.854|CC1|RU2|flowing. 19700101003202.987|19700101003203.821|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In the wake of the 19700101003203.955|19700101003204.522|CC1|RU2|shutdown, a senior BP official 19700101003204.656|19700101003207.759|CC1|RU2|was reassigned. 19700101003207.892|19700101003209.327|CC1|RU2|>> Is the pipeline corrosion in 19700101003209.460|19700101003210.728|CC1|RU2|Alaska just the latest example 19700101003210.862|19700101003212.230|CC1|RU2|of bad luck for the company, or 19700101003212.363|19700101003212.897|CC1|RU2|are there serious management 19700101003213.031|19700101003215.333|CC1|RU2|issues for BP? 19700101003215.466|19700101003216.634|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Meanwhile, the 19700101003216.768|19700101003219.203|CC1|RU2|subcontractor responsible for 19700101003219.337|19700101003220.705|CC1|RU2|pipe inspections, Acuren, had 19700101003220.838|19700101003222.707|CC1|RU2|hired a new supervisor. 19700101003222.840|19700101003223.408|CC1|RU2|>> Welcome to BP's Prudhoe Bay 19700101003223.541|19700101003223.841|CC1|RU2|operations. 19700101003223.975|19700101003224.575|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: His name was Martin 19700101003224.709|19700101003225.743|CC1|RU2|Anderson. 19700101003225.877|19700101003227.211|CC1|RU2|>> My name is Marty Anderson. 19700101003227.345|19700101003227.912|CC1|RU2|I am the quality assurance and 19700101003228.046|19700101003229.113|CC1|RU2|radiation... 19700101003229.247|19700101003230.114|CC1|RU2|I had received a phone call 19700101003230.248|19700101003231.883|CC1|RU2|from North Slope project manager 19700101003232.016|19700101003233.651|CC1|RU2|with Acuren at the time who was 19700101003233.785|19700101003235.386|CC1|RU2|responsible for providing 19700101003235.520|19700101003237.188|CC1|RU2|nondestructive testing for the 19700101003237.322|19700101003237.889|CC1|RU2|corrosion inspection chemicals 19700101003238.022|19700101003239.724|CC1|RU2|group for BP. 19700101003239.857|19700101003241.225|CC1|RU2|He asked me if I'd be interested 19700101003241.359|19700101003242.593|CC1|RU2|in a supervisor's position. 19700101003242.727|19700101003243.594|CC1|RU2|>> What do you begin to find? 19700101003243.728|19700101003245.229|CC1|RU2|What do you uncover? 19700101003245.363|19700101003246.531|CC1|RU2|>> As you know, I'm not at 19700101003246.664|19700101003247.198|CC1|RU2|liberty to discuss too many 19700101003247.332|19700101003248.800|CC1|RU2|details. 19700101003248.933|19700101003250.468|CC1|RU2|>> You're saying you can't talk 19700101003250.601|19700101003252.670|CC1|RU2|freely because you signed a 19700101003252.804|19700101003253.271|CC1|RU2|nondisclosure agreement? 19700101003253.404|19700101003255.873|CC1|RU2|>> That's correct. 19700101003256.007|19700101003256.674|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Anderson can't say 19700101003256.808|19700101003257.709|CC1|RU2|anything that criticizes the 19700101003257.842|19700101003258.810|CC1|RU2|company... 19700101003258.943|19700101003302.814|CC1|RU2|>> I'm not at liberty to... 19700101003302.947|19700101003303.514|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: ...and has never 19700101003303.648|19700101003305.783|CC1|RU2|spoken to the media before. 19700101003305.917|19700101003307.185|CC1|RU2|But independently, ProPublica 19700101003307.318|19700101003308.586|CC1|RU2|and Frontline have learned that 19700101003308.720|19700101003309.587|CC1|RU2|some pipe inspectors were not 19700101003309.721|19700101003313.725|CC1|RU2|certified or trained properly. 19700101003313.858|19700101003315.727|CC1|RU2|>> I've shown you this letter, 19700101003315.860|19700101003316.928|CC1|RU2|this e-mail, previously, and you 19700101003317.061|19700101003318.296|CC1|RU2|had a chance to look through 19700101003318.429|19700101003318.930|CC1|RU2|that and read it, right? 19700101003319.063|19700101003325.269|CC1|RU2|>> Yes. 19700101003325.403|19700101003326.004|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Anderson's findings 19700101003326.137|19700101003326.838|CC1|RU2|are cited in this email sent to 19700101003326.971|19700101003327.739|CC1|RU2|BP officials from an attorney 19700101003327.872|19700101003328.573|CC1|RU2|who deals with worker 19700101003328.706|19700101003329.807|CC1|RU2|complaints. 19700101003329.941|19700101003331.509|CC1|RU2|The concerns are described as 19700101003331.642|19700101003332.610|CC1|RU2|"serious," revealing a 19700101003332.744|19700101003335.313|CC1|RU2|"significant quality control 19700101003335.446|19700101003337.048|CC1|RU2|breakdown" with "inspectors in 19700101003337.181|19700101003338.316|CC1|RU2|the field performing inspections 19700101003338.449|19700101003338.916|CC1|RU2|for which they were not 19700101003339.050|19700101003340.818|CC1|RU2|qualified." 19700101003340.952|19700101003341.519|CC1|RU2|>> Is there anything in there 19700101003341.652|19700101003344.389|CC1|RU2|that is inaccurate? 19700101003344.522|19700101003345.056|CC1|RU2|>> No, that's a very factual 19700101003345.189|19700101003346.124|CC1|RU2|document. 19700101003346.257|19700101003346.791|CC1|RU2|>> You found that inspectors 19700101003346.924|19700101003351.529|CC1|RU2|were unqualified? 19700101003351.662|19700101003352.163|CC1|RU2|>> Yes, everything in that 19700101003352.296|19700101003354.098|CC1|RU2|letter is factual. 19700101003354.232|19700101003355.233|CC1|RU2|>> Have you ever suspected that 19700101003355.366|19700101003356.734|CC1|RU2|what you were seeing was 19700101003356.868|19700101003358.002|CC1|RU2|actually intentional and 19700101003358.136|19700101003401.406|CC1|RU2|therefore criminal? 19700101003401.539|19700101003403.274|CC1|RU2|>> I've had concerns. 19700101003403.408|19700101003407.078|CC1|RU2|Not being an attorney, knowing 19700101003407.211|19700101003408.179|CC1|RU2|what is breaking the law and 19700101003408.312|19700101003409.914|CC1|RU2|what is not breaking the law, 19700101003410.048|19700101003411.082|CC1|RU2|but I can tell you that I was 19700101003411.215|19700101003412.050|CC1|RU2|very uncomfortable with the 19700101003412.183|19700101003417.021|CC1|RU2|situation that they had. 19700101003417.155|19700101003418.523|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP has since 19700101003418.656|19700101003420.558|CC1|RU2|acknowledged that more than 19 19700101003420.691|19700101003422.627|CC1|RU2|inspectors, responsible for 19700101003422.760|19700101003423.327|CC1|RU2|13,000 inspection points, were 19700101003423.461|19700101003427.565|CC1|RU2|unqualified. 19700101003427.698|19700101003429.667|CC1|RU2|They say they've corrected the 19700101003429.801|19700101003430.802|CC1|RU2|problem and that at least 10,000 19700101003430.935|19700101003431.602|CC1|RU2|inspection points have been 19700101003431.736|19700101003433.104|CC1|RU2|re-examined. 19700101003446.784|19700101003449.053|CC1|RU2|By 2006, BP's most promising oil 19700101003449.187|19700101003450.188|CC1|RU2|fields were here in the Gulf of 19700101003450.321|19700101003453.491|CC1|RU2|Mexico. 19700101003453.624|19700101003456.394|CC1|RU2|They had bet their future on it. 19700101003456.527|19700101003457.495|CC1|RU2|>> If you want to continue to 19700101003457.628|19700101003459.130|CC1|RU2|grow as an oil company, you have 19700101003459.263|19700101003500.398|CC1|RU2|to keep extracting more oil. 19700101003500.531|19700101003503.101|CC1|RU2|It's simple. 19700101003503.234|19700101003503.734|CC1|RU2|So, deepwater was the next 19700101003503.868|19700101003506.037|CC1|RU2|frontier. 19700101003506.170|19700101003507.705|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The US government, 19700101003507.839|19700101003509.173|CC1|RU2|worried about dependence on 19700101003509.307|19700101003511.676|CC1|RU2|Middle East oil, encouraged it. 19700101003511.809|19700101003512.844|CC1|RU2|>> They wanted the deep waters 19700101003512.977|19700101003515.446|CC1|RU2|of the Gulf of Mexico to be 19700101003515.580|19700101003516.581|CC1|RU2|explored, and BP was the kid in 19700101003516.714|19700101003518.883|CC1|RU2|the front of the class putting 19700101003519.016|19700101003519.617|CC1|RU2|up its hand before it even had 19700101003519.750|19700101003521.953|CC1|RU2|an answer, basically. 19700101003522.086|19700101003522.854|CC1|RU2|They like to be pushing into 19700101003522.987|19700101003524.956|CC1|RU2|ever-deeper territory. 19700101003525.089|19700101003525.857|CC1|RU2|It's how you get kudos in the 19700101003525.990|19700101003527.258|CC1|RU2|industry, and it's hugely 19700101003527.391|19700101003527.892|CC1|RU2|impressive, what they were 19700101003528.025|19700101003530.027|CC1|RU2|doing. 19700101003530.161|19700101003532.730|CC1|RU2|>> They were very confident. 19700101003532.864|19700101003533.764|CC1|RU2|They actually believed they were 19700101003533.898|19700101003534.565|CC1|RU2|going to overtake Exxon in terms 19700101003534.699|19700101003536.534|CC1|RU2|of production. 19700101003536.667|19700101003538.169|CC1|RU2|They'd found a lot of oil in the 19700101003538.302|19700101003539.637|CC1|RU2|Gulf and they were feeling on 19700101003539.770|19700101003541.639|CC1|RU2|top of the world. 19700101003541.772|19700101003544.475|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP is the leading 19700101003544.609|19700101003546.010|CC1|RU2|operator here, producing 25% 19700101003546.144|19700101003547.211|CC1|RU2|of all Gulf oil from some of the 19700101003547.345|19700101003550.681|CC1|RU2|deepest waters in the world. 19700101003550.815|19700101003552.283|CC1|RU2|>> In fact, it was BP who had 19700101003552.416|19700101003552.984|CC1|RU2|found the deepest ever, so 19700101003553.117|19700101003553.751|CC1|RU2|everybody was actually pretty 19700101003553.885|19700101003554.685|CC1|RU2|excited about this and people 19700101003554.819|19700101003555.520|CC1|RU2|were just losing sight of the 19700101003555.653|19700101003600.091|CC1|RU2|risks. 19700101003600.224|19700101003601.926|CC1|RU2|>> The deep Gulf was regarded as 19700101003602.059|19700101003604.962|CC1|RU2|a very difficult place to drill. 19700101003605.096|19700101003608.065|CC1|RU2|Storms, hurricanes, just putting 19700101003608.199|19700101003608.766|CC1|RU2|a deep well down through a lot 19700101003608.900|19700101003610.101|CC1|RU2|of water. 19700101003610.234|19700101003611.335|CC1|RU2|It's geologically a difficult 19700101003611.469|19700101003617.475|CC1|RU2|place in which to operate. 19700101003617.608|19700101003619.310|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Thunder Horse, 19700101003619.443|19700101003621.012|CC1|RU2|which towers 43 stories above 19700101003621.145|19700101003623.447|CC1|RU2|water, was BP's showcase 19700101003623.581|19700101003625.082|CC1|RU2|platform-- a symbol of the oil 19700101003625.216|19700101003625.983|CC1|RU2|giant's ability to innovate, to 19700101003626.117|19700101003631.622|CC1|RU2|push technology to the limit. 19700101003631.756|19700101003634.392|CC1|RU2|But in July 2005, Hurricane 19700101003634.525|19700101003635.126|CC1|RU2|Dennis swirled over the Gulf of 19700101003635.259|19700101003636.994|CC1|RU2|Mexico. 19700101003637.128|19700101003638.095|CC1|RU2|The rig's celebrity would be 19700101003638.229|19700101003639.797|CC1|RU2|short lived. 19700101003639.931|19700101003645.770|CC1|RU2|Thunder Horse toppled over. 19700101003645.903|19700101003647.538|CC1|RU2|>> This was a state-of-the-art 19700101003647.672|19700101003648.973|CC1|RU2|rig which had cost BP billions 19700101003649.106|19700101003650.474|CC1|RU2|of dollars to design and build, 19700101003650.608|19700101003651.209|CC1|RU2|and it looked like it was going 19700101003651.342|19700101003652.443|CC1|RU2|to sink. 19700101003652.577|19700101003654.512|CC1|RU2|It was very embarrassing. 19700101003654.645|19700101003656.514|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: After an 19700101003656.647|19700101003657.848|CC1|RU2|investigation, BP discovered 19700101003657.982|19700101003658.482|CC1|RU2|that the storm wasn't the 19700101003658.616|19700101003700.384|CC1|RU2|problem. 19700101003700.518|19700101003701.919|CC1|RU2|>> That, in itself, shouldn't 19700101003702.053|19700101003704.021|CC1|RU2|have been disastrous. 19700101003704.155|19700101003705.890|CC1|RU2|It turns out that BP engineers 19700101003706.023|19700101003707.825|CC1|RU2|had incorrectly installed a 19700101003707.959|19700101003709.594|CC1|RU2|number of valves that are meant 19700101003709.727|19700101003712.230|CC1|RU2|to control the flow of water in 19700101003712.363|19700101003712.930|CC1|RU2|the supports that keep the rig 19700101003713.064|19700101003714.565|CC1|RU2|afloat. 19700101003714.699|19700101003715.800|CC1|RU2|And the rig, as a result, took 19700101003715.933|19700101003718.069|CC1|RU2|on water instead of shedding it. 19700101003718.202|19700101003719.604|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: A senior engineer 19700101003719.737|19700101003722.773|CC1|RU2|on the Thunder Horse project 19700101003722.907|19700101003724.041|CC1|RU2|agrees it was human error. 19700101003724.175|19700101003725.476|CC1|RU2|>> The storm is not really the 19700101003725.610|19700101003726.477|CC1|RU2|cause of why that thing almost 19700101003726.611|19700101003727.378|CC1|RU2|flipped. 19700101003727.511|19700101003728.379|CC1|RU2|It's because the check valve was 19700101003728.512|19700101003731.716|CC1|RU2|installed backwards, okay? 19700101003731.849|19700101003733.050|CC1|RU2|And all that was probably caused 19700101003733.184|19700101003734.318|CC1|RU2|by being in a hurry and not 19700101003734.452|19700101003735.019|CC1|RU2|dotting their Is and crossing 19700101003735.152|19700101003738.823|CC1|RU2|their Ts, in this case. 19700101003738.956|19700101003740.091|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The platform became 19700101003740.224|19700101003742.827|CC1|RU2|one more big black eye for BP. 19700101003742.960|19700101003744.362|CC1|RU2|>> You had Texas City, you had 19700101003744.495|19700101003747.465|CC1|RU2|Alaska, you had the problems at 19700101003747.598|19700101003748.232|CC1|RU2|Thunder Horse. 19700101003748.366|19700101003748.899|CC1|RU2|I think the first one or two 19700101003749.033|19700101003749.600|CC1|RU2|incidents, people were able to 19700101003749.734|19700101003750.534|CC1|RU2|say, "Well, you know, 19700101003750.668|19700101003751.102|CC1|RU2|everybody's had these 19700101003751.235|19700101003752.803|CC1|RU2|accidents." 19700101003752.937|19700101003756.807|CC1|RU2|But after a while, so many 19700101003756.941|19700101003757.575|CC1|RU2|things mount up that you've got 19700101003757.708|19700101003758.276|CC1|RU2|to wonder, "Is there a deeper 19700101003758.409|19700101003759.510|CC1|RU2|systemic problem?" 19700101003802.880|19700101003804.148|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Back in London, 19700101003804.282|19700101003804.949|CC1|RU2|BP's board had seen enough of 19700101003805.082|19700101003806.951|CC1|RU2|Browne. 19700101003807.084|19700101003808.085|CC1|RU2|>> He had Texas City; he had the 19700101003808.219|19700101003812.523|CC1|RU2|leak at the pipeline. 19700101003812.657|19700101003813.457|CC1|RU2|These were a series of closely 19700101003813.591|19700101003815.760|CC1|RU2|spaced accidents which caused 19700101003815.893|19700101003816.494|CC1|RU2|the board to lose confidence in 19700101003816.627|19700101003817.895|CC1|RU2|John. 19700101003818.029|19700101003819.797|CC1|RU2|And then, the embarrassment of 19700101003819.930|19700101003821.165|CC1|RU2|his personal life. 19700101003821.299|19700101003822.266|CC1|RU2|Terrible. 19700101003822.400|19700101003825.002|CC1|RU2|That was the end. 19700101003825.136|19700101003826.270|CC1|RU2|>> "Lie over gay partner ends BP 19700101003826.404|19700101003827.505|CC1|RU2|chief's career." 19700101003827.638|19700101003829.407|CC1|RU2|>> The surprise resignation of 19700101003829.540|19700101003831.008|CC1|RU2|Lord John Browne. 19700101003831.142|19700101003831.942|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: A newspaper had 19700101003832.076|19700101003832.610|CC1|RU2|pursued a story of Browne's 19700101003832.743|19700101003834.478|CC1|RU2|private life. 19700101003834.612|19700101003836.447|CC1|RU2|While trying to contain the 19700101003836.580|19700101003838.649|CC1|RU2|scandal, Browne lied to a judge 19700101003838.783|19700101003839.250|CC1|RU2|about how he met his gay 19700101003839.383|19700101003840.918|CC1|RU2|partner. 19700101003841.052|19700101003841.886|CC1|RU2|Browne's departure was 19700101003842.019|19700101003844.955|CC1|RU2|expedited. 19700101003845.089|19700101003846.557|CC1|RU2|The board had already been 19700101003846.691|19700101003847.858|CC1|RU2|considering three of his top 19700101003847.992|19700101003850.227|CC1|RU2|turtles to replace him. 19700101003850.361|19700101003850.961|CC1|RU2|Two of them had strikes against 19700101003851.095|19700101003852.863|CC1|RU2|them. 19700101003852.997|19700101003854.131|CC1|RU2|Bob Dudley, then head of a big 19700101003854.265|19700101003855.032|CC1|RU2|BP venture in Russia, was viewed 19700101003855.166|19700101003857.768|CC1|RU2|as an outsider. 19700101003857.902|19700101003859.937|CC1|RU2|>> He is the only guy who was 19700101003900.071|19700101003903.274|CC1|RU2|actually a possible candidate to 19700101003903.407|19700101003905.343|CC1|RU2|succeed John Browne who had run 19700101003905.476|19700101003906.010|CC1|RU2|a company, but he came from 19700101003906.143|19700101003906.377|CC1|RU2|Amoco. 19700101003906.510|19700101003908.546|CC1|RU2|He's an American. 19700101003908.679|19700101003910.247|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: And then there was 19700101003910.381|19700101003912.283|CC1|RU2|John Manzoni, who had been 19700101003912.416|19700101003913.651|CC1|RU2|groomed to take over, but he was 19700101003913.784|19700101003914.385|CC1|RU2|marked by the accident at Texas 19700101003914.518|19700101003916.987|CC1|RU2|City. 19700101003917.121|19700101003919.523|CC1|RU2|That left Tony Hayward, an 19700101003919.657|19700101003920.691|CC1|RU2|engineer who had headed oil 19700101003920.825|19700101003923.494|CC1|RU2|exploration worldwide. 19700101003923.627|19700101003927.865|CC1|RU2|He took over in 2007. 19700101003927.998|19700101003929.734|CC1|RU2|>> Tony Hayward was well 19700101003929.867|19700101003931.001|CC1|RU2|regarded-- BP guy, engineer, 19700101003931.135|19700101003932.803|CC1|RU2|extremely capable, an oilman 19700101003932.937|19700101003934.872|CC1|RU2|through and through, and someone 19700101003935.005|19700101003935.740|CC1|RU2|to consider a very worthy 19700101003935.873|19700101003937.408|CC1|RU2|successor for John. 19700101003937.541|19700101003938.542|CC1|RU2|>> I guess I should start by 19700101003938.676|19700101003939.276|CC1|RU2|saying this has been one hell of 19700101003939.410|19700101003939.744|CC1|RU2|a year. 19700101003939.877|19700101003941.011|CC1|RU2|I mean, it really has. 19700101003941.145|19700101003943.013|CC1|RU2|It started with a tsunami. 19700101003943.147|19700101003945.316|CC1|RU2|It continued with Texas City... 19700101003945.449|19700101003946.550|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: When Hayward took 19700101003946.684|19700101003947.518|CC1|RU2|over, he spoke candidly about 19700101003947.651|19700101003949.553|CC1|RU2|BP's problems. 19700101003949.687|19700101003951.389|CC1|RU2|>> We then nearly sunk our 19700101003951.522|19700101003952.556|CC1|RU2|flagship project in the 19700101003952.690|19700101003954.525|CC1|RU2|deepwater Gulf of Mexico. 19700101003954.658|19700101003955.793|CC1|RU2|And I think the only good thing 19700101003955.926|19700101003956.861|CC1|RU2|I would say about all of this 19700101003956.994|19700101003957.595|CC1|RU2|is, A, it's good to have it all 19700101003957.728|19700101003959.096|CC1|RU2|behind you. 19700101003959.230|19700101004000.898|CC1|RU2|>> The message he was sending 19700101004001.031|19700101004002.900|CC1|RU2|was not only that things had 19700101004003.033|19700101004007.171|CC1|RU2|been bad, but that he was 19700101004007.304|19700101004008.406|CC1|RU2|splitting away from John Browne. 19700101004008.539|19700101004010.408|CC1|RU2|>> This is about a fundamental 19700101004010.541|19700101004012.843|CC1|RU2|lack of leadership and 19700101004012.977|19700101004014.412|CC1|RU2|management in the area of 19700101004014.545|19700101004016.280|CC1|RU2|safety, period. 19700101004016.414|19700101004018.883|CC1|RU2|>> Tony Hayward came into BP's 19700101004019.016|19700101004020.351|CC1|RU2|CEO role on a mission to fix the 19700101004020.484|19700101004022.319|CC1|RU2|problems that the company had. 19700101004022.453|19700101004024.755|CC1|RU2|In his view, he thought that 19700101004024.889|19700101004025.890|CC1|RU2|Browne had been too aloof and 19700101004026.023|19700101004027.725|CC1|RU2|too focused on growing the 19700101004027.858|19700101004029.093|CC1|RU2|company, and had lost sight of 19700101004029.226|19700101004029.727|CC1|RU2|what it took to mine those 19700101004029.860|19700101004032.830|CC1|RU2|resources. 19700101004032.963|19700101004033.497|CC1|RU2|>> We had a major, major oil 19700101004033.631|19700101004035.433|CC1|RU2|spill in Alaska. 19700101004035.566|19700101004036.967|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Hayward gave this 19700101004037.101|19700101004038.402|CC1|RU2|blunt analysis of what had gone 19700101004038.536|19700101004039.570|CC1|RU2|wrong at BP to a group of 19700101004039.703|19700101004040.538|CC1|RU2|business students at Stanford 19700101004040.671|19700101004041.639|CC1|RU2|University. 19700101004041.772|19700101004043.908|CC1|RU2|>> We diagnosed the following-- 19700101004044.041|19700101004045.943|CC1|RU2|a company that was too top down, 19700101004046.076|19700101004046.644|CC1|RU2|too directive, and not good at 19700101004046.777|19700101004048.746|CC1|RU2|listening. 19700101004048.879|19700101004049.713|CC1|RU2|We had too many people that were 19700101004049.847|19700101004051.115|CC1|RU2|working to save the world. 19700101004051.248|19700101004052.883|CC1|RU2|We'd sort of lost ache 19700101004053.017|19700101004054.418|CC1|RU2|fact that our primary purpose in 19700101004054.552|19700101004055.486|CC1|RU2|life is to create value for our 19700101004055.619|19700101004059.356|CC1|RU2|shareholders, and we failed to 19700101004059.490|19700101004100.024|CC1|RU2|recognize we're an operating 19700101004100.157|19700101004101.192|CC1|RU2|company. 19700101004101.325|19700101004103.227|CC1|RU2|We had too many people that did 19700101004103.360|19700101004104.061|CC1|RU2|not understand what it took to 19700101004104.195|19700101004106.931|CC1|RU2|run operations. 19700101004107.064|19700101004107.798|CC1|RU2|We had too many shallow 19700101004107.932|19700101004109.433|CC1|RU2|generalists. 19700101004109.567|19700101004110.367|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Hayward set out to 19700101004110.501|19700101004112.770|CC1|RU2|refocus BP. 19700101004112.903|19700101004114.638|CC1|RU2|He allocated $14 billion to 19700101004114.772|19700101004115.239|CC1|RU2|upgrade operations, and 19700101004115.372|19700101004118.175|CC1|RU2|established a new safety group. 19700101004118.309|19700101004118.876|CC1|RU2|The changes were well received 19700101004119.009|19700101004122.680|CC1|RU2|internally. 19700101004122.813|19700101004123.414|CC1|RU2|>> BP folks had been through the 19700101004123.547|19700101004126.684|CC1|RU2|wringer. 19700101004126.817|19700101004127.852|CC1|RU2|They had not felt proud of the 19700101004127.985|19700101004129.453|CC1|RU2|company they worked for, and I 19700101004129.587|19700101004130.287|CC1|RU2|think, in general, they sighed a 19700101004130.421|19700101004133.524|CC1|RU2|great sigh of relief when a new 19700101004133.657|19700101004135.259|CC1|RU2|management came in. 19700101004135.392|19700101004135.893|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: But London's 19700101004136.026|19700101004138.028|CC1|RU2|bankers weren't happy. 19700101004138.162|19700101004141.098|CC1|RU2|BP's stock price was slumping. 19700101004141.232|19700101004142.566|CC1|RU2|Hayward came under renewed 19700101004142.700|19700101004145.436|CC1|RU2|pressure to keep cutting costs. 19700101004145.569|19700101004147.304|CC1|RU2|>> Now, BP has announced a bid 19700101004147.438|19700101004149.340|CC1|RU2|to cut costs, boost revenues and 19700101004149.473|19700101004150.274|CC1|RU2|improve the oil giant's lagging 19700101004150.407|19700101004152.843|CC1|RU2|performance. 19700101004152.977|19700101004155.546|CC1|RU2|>> It just doesn't make sense. 19700101004155.679|19700101004156.814|CC1|RU2|It's not clear how the company 19700101004156.947|19700101004158.749|CC1|RU2|can continue to shave its 19700101004158.883|19700101004201.552|CC1|RU2|expenses while supposedly 19700101004201.685|19700101004203.287|CC1|RU2|reinvesting in the procedures 19700101004203.420|19700101004204.788|CC1|RU2|and the equipment and the 19700101004204.922|19700101004205.990|CC1|RU2|operations that have placed it 19700101004206.123|19700101004206.724|CC1|RU2|at such great risk over so many 19700101004206.857|19700101004209.727|CC1|RU2|years. 19700101004209.860|19700101004211.896|CC1|RU2|>> Safety remains our number one 19700101004212.029|19700101004216.000|CC1|RU2|priority, and I'm pleased to 19700101004216.133|19700101004216.600|CC1|RU2|report we can see clear 19700101004216.734|19700101004217.501|CC1|RU2|progress. 19700101004217.635|19700101004218.469|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: But if Hayward was 19700101004218.602|19700101004219.336|CC1|RU2|going to reform BP's safety 19700101004219.470|19700101004220.137|CC1|RU2|culture, he would be doing it 19700101004220.271|19700101004220.971|CC1|RU2|while taking bigger and bigger 19700101004221.105|19700101004221.805|CC1|RU2|risks in deeper and deeper 19700101004221.939|19700101004226.744|CC1|RU2|water. 19700101004226.877|19700101004229.780|CC1|RU2|By 2010, BP had over 100 wells 19700101004229.914|19700101004231.048|CC1|RU2|in the Gulf under rigs like the 19700101004231.181|19700101004231.815|CC1|RU2|Atlantis, Mad Dog, and the 19700101004231.949|19700101004235.386|CC1|RU2|Deepwater Horizon. 19700101004235.519|19700101004236.654|CC1|RU2|>> The US government made it 19700101004236.787|19700101004237.788|CC1|RU2|very easy and very attractive 19700101004237.922|19700101004239.390|CC1|RU2|for them to move quickly. 19700101004239.523|19700101004240.057|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: And they were 19700101004240.190|19700101004241.959|CC1|RU2|encouraged with generous 19700101004242.092|19700101004242.693|CC1|RU2|subsidies and limited penalties 19700101004242.826|19700101004245.796|CC1|RU2|if something went wrong. 19700101004245.930|19700101004247.431|CC1|RU2|>> For example, their liability 19700101004247.565|19700101004249.199|CC1|RU2|cap, if there was a spill, was 19700101004249.333|19700101004250.167|CC1|RU2|$75 million, which is basically 19700101004250.301|19700101004253.337|CC1|RU2|five cents to you and me. 19700101004253.470|19700101004255.573|CC1|RU2|So, why would you go drill 19700101004255.706|19700101004256.640|CC1|RU2|somewhere else where, 19700101004256.774|19700101004257.308|CC1|RU2|politically, it's more 19700101004257.441|19700101004258.642|CC1|RU2|difficult, and perhaps the 19700101004258.776|19700101004300.311|CC1|RU2|geology isn't as great and your 19700101004300.444|19700101004301.045|CC1|RU2|liability is going to be really 19700101004301.178|19700101004303.581|CC1|RU2|high? 19700101004303.714|19700101004304.214|CC1|RU2|It made sense for BP to be 19700101004304.348|19700101004306.750|CC1|RU2|there. 19700101004306.884|19700101004308.986|CC1|RU2|>> Today, we're announcing the 19700101004309.119|19700101004309.820|CC1|RU2|expansion of offshore oil and 19700101004309.954|19700101004311.455|CC1|RU2|gas exploration. 19700101004311.589|19700101004313.324|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: As the Deepwater 19700101004313.457|19700101004315.159|CC1|RU2|Horizon was drilling the Macondo 19700101004315.292|19700101004316.961|CC1|RU2|well, President Obama announced 19700101004317.094|19700101004318.195|CC1|RU2|a major expansion of offshore 19700101004318.329|19700101004319.196|CC1|RU2|drilling. 19700101004319.330|19700101004320.230|CC1|RU2|>> There will be those who 19700101004320.364|19700101004320.898|CC1|RU2|strongly disagree with this 19700101004321.031|19700101004322.299|CC1|RU2|decision. 19700101004322.433|19700101004323.701|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: He delivered his 19700101004323.834|19700101004325.869|CC1|RU2|speech at Andrews Air Force Base 19700101004326.003|19700101004327.404|CC1|RU2|to underscore that oil was an 19700101004327.538|19700101004329.506|CC1|RU2|urgent strategic issue. 19700101004329.640|19700101004332.643|CC1|RU2|BP could only be pleased. 19700101004332.776|19700101004333.744|CC1|RU2|>> Clearly, the company that 19700101004333.877|19700101004335.212|CC1|RU2|will do most of that drilling in 19700101004335.346|19700101004336.847|CC1|RU2|the Gulf of Mexico is BP. 19700101004336.981|19700101004338.415|CC1|RU2|They own the vast majority of 19700101004338.549|19700101004340.284|CC1|RU2|the leases for new and promising 19700101004340.417|19700101004343.220|CC1|RU2|areas that would be explored. 19700101004343.354|19700101004345.055|CC1|RU2|Yet, at exactly the same time, 19700101004345.189|19700101004346.857|CC1|RU2|multiple agencies in the Obama 19700101004346.991|19700101004349.126|CC1|RU2|administration are actively 19700101004349.259|19700101004349.793|CC1|RU2|investigating BP on several 19700101004349.927|19700101004352.796|CC1|RU2|fronts. 19700101004352.930|19700101004355.065|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: At the EPA, lawyers 19700101004355.199|19700101004356.667|CC1|RU2|representing several agencies, 19700101004356.800|19700101004357.935|CC1|RU2|including the Departments of 19700101004358.068|19700101004400.504|CC1|RU2|Interior and Defense, were 19700101004400.638|19700101004402.640|CC1|RU2|considering disqualifying BP 19700101004402.773|19700101004403.374|CC1|RU2|from getting any more government 19700101004403.507|19700101004405.509|CC1|RU2|contracts. 19700101004405.643|19700101004407.077|CC1|RU2|At the Department of Labor, 19700101004407.211|19700101004409.279|CC1|RU2|attorneys were evaluating a 19700101004409.413|19700101004411.081|CC1|RU2|series of ongoing violations at 19700101004411.215|19700101004413.083|CC1|RU2|several BP refineries, and at 19700101004413.217|19700101004415.085|CC1|RU2|the Chemical Safety Board, 19700101004415.219|19700101004417.354|CC1|RU2|investigators were demanding 19700101004417.488|19700101004420.557|CC1|RU2|that BP act on promises made in 19700101004420.691|19700101004421.291|CC1|RU2|2005 to address safety issues in 19700101004421.425|19700101004425.195|CC1|RU2|Texas City. 19700101004425.329|19700101004426.730|CC1|RU2|But in the White House, Carol 19700101004426.864|19700101004427.898|CC1|RU2|Browner, Obama's chief 19700101004428.032|19700101004432.336|CC1|RU2|environmental advisor, said 19700101004432.469|19700101004433.437|CC1|RU2|that, in the policy discussions 19700101004433.570|19700101004434.238|CC1|RU2|over drilling, BP's safety 19700101004434.371|19700101004435.773|CC1|RU2|record never came up. 19700101004435.906|19700101004437.041|CC1|RU2|They relied instead on the 19700101004437.174|19700101004439.176|CC1|RU2|industry's overall 30-year 19700101004439.309|19700101004440.811|CC1|RU2|offshore drilling record. 19700101004440.944|19700101004444.048|CC1|RU2|>> If you have a 30-year record, 19700101004444.181|19700101004446.817|CC1|RU2|that speaks volumes. 19700101004446.950|19700101004448.052|CC1|RU2|I think most of us, if making 19700101004448.185|19700101004449.553|CC1|RU2|decisions in our own lives, had 19700101004449.687|19700101004451.221|CC1|RU2|30 years of information that 19700101004451.355|19700101004453.023|CC1|RU2|suggested something was safe, we 19700101004453.157|19700101004455.392|CC1|RU2|would pay attention to that. 19700101004455.526|19700101004457.995|CC1|RU2|>> But at what point does the 19700101004458.128|19700101004501.498|CC1|RU2|safety and environmental record 19700101004501.632|19700101004504.134|CC1|RU2|of a company rise to an issue of 19700101004504.268|19700101004504.802|CC1|RU2|concern for you in the White 19700101004504.935|19700101004505.102|CC1|RU2|House? 19700101004505.235|19700101004506.070|CC1|RU2|>> The White House is not 19700101004506.203|19700101004508.238|CC1|RU2|involved in individual leasing 19700101004508.372|19700101004509.306|CC1|RU2|decisions or permitting 19700101004509.440|19700101004510.908|CC1|RU2|decisions. 19700101004511.041|19700101004512.242|CC1|RU2|Those are handled, you know, 19700101004512.376|19700101004514.178|CC1|RU2|outside of the political system, 19700101004514.311|19700101004516.180|CC1|RU2|and appropriately so. 19700101004516.313|19700101004517.014|CC1|RU2|They're factual decisions made 19700101004517.147|19700101004518.449|CC1|RU2|by the Department of Interior. 19700101004518.582|19700101004520.084|CC1|RU2|That's their responsibility. 19700101004520.217|19700101004521.385|CC1|RU2|It's not part of the broader 19700101004521.518|19700101004523.387|CC1|RU2|policy decision, which is, 19700101004523.520|19700101004524.321|CC1|RU2|"Should we enhance and increase 19700101004524.455|19700101004524.955|CC1|RU2|the amount of domestic oil 19700101004525.089|19700101004528.158|CC1|RU2|production?" 19700101004528.292|19700101004530.127|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: At Interior, 19700101004530.260|19700101004531.895|CC1|RU2|Secretary Ken Salazar's Chief 19700101004532.029|19700101004533.597|CC1|RU2|Deputy is David Hayes. 19700101004533.731|19700101004535.332|CC1|RU2|But here, too, BP's track record 19700101004535.466|19700101004539.369|CC1|RU2|failed to alarm anyone. 19700101004539.503|19700101004540.804|CC1|RU2|>> Would an application from BP 19700101004540.938|19700101004543.640|CC1|RU2|receive any special attention, 19700101004543.774|19700101004544.541|CC1|RU2|given BP's troubled track 19700101004544.675|19700101004545.809|CC1|RU2|record? 19700101004545.943|19700101004552.216|CC1|RU2|>> I don't believe so. 19700101004552.349|19700101004553.984|CC1|RU2|The track record for BP as a 19700101004554.118|19700101004556.353|CC1|RU2|company, in terms of deepwater 19700101004556.487|19700101004557.955|CC1|RU2|performance, I'm not aware that 19700101004558.088|19700101004602.092|CC1|RU2|BP would be singled out for 19700101004602.226|19700101004604.628|CC1|RU2|special attention. 19700101004604.762|19700101004605.529|CC1|RU2|>> The Thunder Horse rig-- 19700101004605.662|19700101004610.267|CC1|RU2|almost completely destroyed. 19700101004610.400|19700101004611.602|CC1|RU2|They had the Texas City 19700101004611.735|19700101004613.737|CC1|RU2|disaster, they had the problems 19700101004613.871|19700101004615.606|CC1|RU2|on the North Slope of Alaska. 19700101004615.739|19700101004618.275|CC1|RU2|At what point does the company 19700101004618.408|19700101004618.976|CC1|RU2|performance start to raise red 19700101004619.109|19700101004620.778|CC1|RU2|flags? 19700101004620.911|19700101004622.880|CC1|RU2|>> Well, we are absolutely 19700101004623.013|19700101004625.082|CC1|RU2|committed to having safe 19700101004625.215|19700101004626.283|CC1|RU2|offshore drilling, I'll leave it 19700101004626.416|19700101004629.953|CC1|RU2|at that. 19700101004630.087|19700101004632.589|CC1|RU2|I mean, if there's an issue with 19700101004632.723|19700101004634.424|CC1|RU2|a company that is systemic and 19700101004634.558|19700101004636.727|CC1|RU2|that is appropriate for special 19700101004636.860|19700101004638.195|CC1|RU2|enforcement, I have to defer to 19700101004638.328|19700101004638.929|CC1|RU2|our enforcement experts on that 19700101004639.062|19700101004640.397|CC1|RU2|one. 19700101004640.531|19700101004641.832|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: That would mean 19700101004641.965|19700101004643.967|CC1|RU2|lawyers at either the EPA or the 19700101004644.101|19700101004645.869|CC1|RU2|Justice Department, but former 19700101004646.003|19700101004647.704|CC1|RU2|Chief of the Environmental 19700101004647.838|19700101004650.407|CC1|RU2|Crimes section at Justice, David 19700101004650.541|19700101004651.408|CC1|RU2|Ulhmann, says that the laws have 19700101004651.542|19700101004653.143|CC1|RU2|no teeth. 19700101004653.277|19700101004654.244|CC1|RU2|>> How do you explain that a 19700101004654.378|19700101004657.815|CC1|RU2|company with an egregious record 19700101004657.948|19700101004700.450|CC1|RU2|is allowed to participate in the 19700101004700.584|19700101004701.819|CC1|RU2|most challenging kind of 19700101004701.952|19700101004702.419|CC1|RU2|drilling in a sensitive 19700101004702.553|19700101004703.353|CC1|RU2|environment? 19700101004703.487|19700101004706.256|CC1|RU2|>> That's a great question, and 19700101004706.390|19700101004709.526|CC1|RU2|the answer is that our laws 19700101004709.660|19700101004712.329|CC1|RU2|don't today create any 19700101004712.462|19700101004713.030|CC1|RU2|barriers, any limits on their 19700101004713.163|19700101004716.834|CC1|RU2|ability to continue operating. 19700101004716.967|19700101004718.769|CC1|RU2|As soon as they've cleaned up 19700101004718.902|19700101004719.970|CC1|RU2|whatever mess they've made, 19700101004720.103|19700101004721.238|CC1|RU2|they're off the hook. 19700101004721.371|19700101004722.072|CC1|RU2|>> And if you're a repeat 19700101004722.206|19700101004723.140|CC1|RU2|offender? 19700101004723.273|19700101004724.141|CC1|RU2|>> The law's no different. 19700101004724.274|19700101004725.309|CC1|RU2|>> The law's no different? 19700101004725.442|19700101004726.343|CC1|RU2|So you can get another contract, 19700101004726.476|19700101004727.744|CC1|RU2|you can drill again, you can 19700101004727.878|19700101004728.445|CC1|RU2|operate a refinery? 19700101004728.579|19700101004729.313|CC1|RU2|>> That's correct. 19700101004729.446|19700101004731.048|CC1|RU2|>> Simple as that? 19700101004731.181|19700101004733.917|CC1|RU2|>> Simple as that. 19700101004734.051|19700101004737.287|CC1|RU2|( explosion ) 19700101004737.421|19700101004738.088|CC1|RU2|>> ( indistinct voice over 19700101004738.222|19700101004740.557|CC1|RU2| radio ) 19700101004740.691|19700101004742.826|CC1|RU2|>> Time, 21:03:15 Greenwich 19700101004742.960|19700101004743.727|CC1|RU2|Mean Time, the Deepwater Horizon 19700101004743.861|19700101004745.696|CC1|RU2|on fire. 19700101004745.829|19700101004747.064|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: The explosion came 19700101004747.197|19700101004748.432|CC1|RU2|just 20 days after Obama's 19700101004748.565|19700101004750.767|CC1|RU2|speech at Andrews Air Force 19700101004750.901|19700101004751.535|CC1|RU2|Base. 19700101004751.668|19700101004752.903|CC1|RU2|11 workers killed, 17 more 19700101004753.036|19700101004757.007|CC1|RU2|injured. 19700101004757.140|19700101004757.741|CC1|RU2|Things had gone wrong here from 19700101004757.875|19700101004759.409|CC1|RU2|the beginning. 19700101004759.543|19700101004801.011|CC1|RU2|A worker had called the project 19700101004801.144|19700101004801.812|CC1|RU2|a "nightmare," the "well from 19700101004801.945|19700101004805.082|CC1|RU2|hell." 19700101004805.215|19700101004806.316|CC1|RU2|Internal documents show that BP 19700101004806.450|19700101004808.285|CC1|RU2|engineers were debating how to 19700101004808.418|19700101004809.019|CC1|RU2|cut costs on a project that was 19700101004809.152|19700101004813.023|CC1|RU2|already way over budget. 19700101004813.156|19700101004814.958|CC1|RU2|>> Every indication was that the 19700101004815.092|19700101004816.793|CC1|RU2|well that blew out, it was 19700101004816.927|19700101004817.928|CC1|RU2|already $10 million over, and to 19700101004818.061|19700101004821.164|CC1|RU2|get caught doing a remedial 19700101004821.298|19700101004824.601|CC1|RU2|cement job and going back in 19700101004824.735|19700101004825.302|CC1|RU2|there and doing all this work 19700101004825.435|19700101004825.903|CC1|RU2|was another $10 million. 19700101004826.036|19700101004826.570|CC1|RU2|And that was going to impact 19700101004826.703|19700101004827.204|CC1|RU2|them, so they were cutting 19700101004827.337|19700101004827.871|CC1|RU2|corners on an operation side 19700101004828.005|19700101004835.746|CC1|RU2|trying to get by with less. 19700101004835.879|19700101004837.614|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP bypassed a key 19700101004837.748|19700101004841.418|CC1|RU2|test called a cement bond log. 19700101004841.551|19700101004845.856|CC1|RU2|BP saved more than $100,000. 19700101004845.989|19700101004847.624|CC1|RU2|BP cut the number of 19700101004847.758|19700101004848.358|CC1|RU2|centralizers used to secure and 19700101004848.492|19700101004851.395|CC1|RU2|plug the well. 19700101004851.528|19700101004855.966|CC1|RU2|This saved over a million. 19700101004856.099|19700101004857.801|CC1|RU2|BP also chose to remove heavy 19700101004857.935|19700101004859.870|CC1|RU2|drilling mud that was helping to 19700101004900.003|19700101004902.139|CC1|RU2|keep gas under ground, instead 19700101004902.272|19700101004903.540|CC1|RU2|replacing it with lighter sea 19700101004903.674|19700101004910.814|CC1|RU2|water, saving millions more. 19700101004910.948|19700101004911.515|CC1|RU2|>> Please rise and raise your 19700101004911.648|19700101004914.184|CC1|RU2|right hands. 19700101004914.318|19700101004915.385|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: And in a 19700101004915.519|19700101004917.554|CC1|RU2|Congressional hearing after the 19700101004917.688|19700101004918.622|CC1|RU2|spill, executives of four of the 19700101004918.755|19700101004921.258|CC1|RU2|world's largest oil companies 19700101004921.391|19700101004922.292|CC1|RU2|all testified that, in the case 19700101004922.426|19700101004923.026|CC1|RU2|of Deepwater, BP did not operate 19700101004923.160|19700101004926.930|CC1|RU2|to industry standards. 19700101004927.064|19700101004929.900|CC1|RU2|>> I sent a letter to Tony 19700101004930.033|19700101004931.768|CC1|RU2|Hayward, the CEO of BP, and the 19700101004931.902|19700101004933.670|CC1|RU2|letter describes a series of 19700101004933.804|19700101004935.072|CC1|RU2|decisions that BP made that 19700101004935.205|19700101004937.207|CC1|RU2|seemed to increase the risk of 19700101004937.341|19700101004939.710|CC1|RU2|catastrophic blowout. 19700101004939.843|19700101004941.078|CC1|RU2|I'd like to ask each of you 19700101004941.211|19700101004942.179|CC1|RU2|whether you think mistakes were 19700101004942.312|19700101004943.714|CC1|RU2|made by BP. 19700101004943.847|19700101004946.850|CC1|RU2|>> Well, in reviewing the letter 19700101004946.984|19700101004949.086|CC1|RU2|that you sent, it appears clear 19700101004949.219|19700101004955.459|CC1|RU2|to me that a number of design 19700101004955.592|19700101004957.027|CC1|RU2|standards were... that I would 19700101004957.160|19700101004958.195|CC1|RU2|consider to be the industry norm 19700101004958.328|19700101004958.729|CC1|RU2|were not followed. 19700101004958.862|19700101004959.463|CC1|RU2|>> It's not a well that we would 19700101004959.596|19700101005000.197|CC1|RU2|have drilled with that 19700101005000.330|19700101005003.300|CC1|RU2|mechanical setup, and there are 19700101005003.433|19700101005003.867|CC1|RU2|operational concerns. 19700101005004.001|19700101005004.534|CC1|RU2|>> Not all standards that we 19700101005004.668|19700101005005.369|CC1|RU2|would recommend or that we would 19700101005005.502|19700101005007.304|CC1|RU2|employ were in place. 19700101005007.437|19700101005008.372|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: Two days later, 19700101005008.505|19700101005011.274|CC1|RU2|Tony Hayward was summoned. 19700101005011.408|19700101005013.777|CC1|RU2|>> Mr. Hayward, we had a hearing 19700101005013.910|19700101005014.945|CC1|RU2|earlier this week with CEOs from 19700101005015.078|19700101005017.647|CC1|RU2|the other oil companies. 19700101005017.781|19700101005018.849|CC1|RU2|They were unanimous in their 19700101005018.982|19700101005021.251|CC1|RU2|view that you made risky 19700101005021.385|19700101005026.490|CC1|RU2|decisions that their companies 19700101005026.623|19700101005028.859|CC1|RU2|would not have made. 19700101005028.992|19700101005029.960|CC1|RU2|And the conclusion that I draw 19700101005030.093|19700101005031.161|CC1|RU2|is that BP used a more dangerous 19700101005031.294|19700101005031.895|CC1|RU2|well design to save $7 million. 19700101005032.029|19700101005032.763|CC1|RU2|Don't you feel any sense of 19700101005032.896|19700101005033.563|CC1|RU2|responsibility for these 19700101005033.697|19700101005034.331|CC1|RU2|decisions? 19700101005034.464|19700101005035.298|CC1|RU2|>> In the three years that 19700101005035.432|19700101005036.466|CC1|RU2|I've been CEO, I've focused on 19700101005036.600|19700101005037.801|CC1|RU2|improving dramatically our 19700101005037.934|19700101005038.402|CC1|RU2|safety and environmental 19700101005038.535|19700101005040.804|CC1|RU2|performance. 19700101005040.937|19700101005043.707|CC1|RU2|Prior to this accident, that has 19700101005043.840|19700101005045.442|CC1|RU2|indeed been the case, and that 19700101005045.575|19700101005046.910|CC1|RU2|is why, amongst all the otheroBn 19700101005046.910|19700101005047.811|CC1|RU2|is why, amongst all the otheroBn 19700101005046.910|19700101005047.811|CC1|RU2|reasons, I am so devastated byoF 19700101005049.813|19700101005051.615|CC1|RU2|>> His testimony before the 19700101005051.748|19700101005052.883|CC1|RU2|Congress on Macondo well was 19700101005053.016|19700101005054.084|CC1|RU2|really embarrassing. 19700101005054.217|19700101005054.785|CC1|RU2|>> I'm not a cement engineer, 19700101005054.918|19700101005056.019|CC1|RU2|I'm afraid. 19700101005056.153|19700101005101.958|CC1|RU2|>> "I didn't know anything about 19700101005102.092|19700101005102.559|CC1|RU2|the centering, I'm not a 19700101005102.692|19700101005103.060|CC1|RU2|cementing expert." 19700101005103.193|19700101005103.560|CC1|RU2|That was really... 19700101005103.693|19700101005104.294|CC1|RU2|>> He said he wasn't part of the 19700101005104.428|19700101005104.895|CC1|RU2|decision-making process. 19700101005105.028|19700101005105.996|CC1|RU2|>> Outlandish. 19700101005106.129|19700101005107.230|CC1|RU2|You're supposed to know. 19700101005112.969|19700101005114.004|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: In the weeks and 19700101005114.137|19700101005115.939|CC1|RU2|months following the spill, BP's 19700101005116.073|19700101005116.573|CC1|RU2|board lost faith in Tony 19700101005116.706|19700101005119.709|CC1|RU2|Hayward. 19700101005119.843|19700101005123.413|CC1|RU2|He was replaced with Bob Dudley. 19700101005123.547|19700101005124.147|CC1|RU2|Dudley would be the third CEO in 19700101005124.281|19700101005126.883|CC1|RU2|four years. 19700101005127.017|19700101005128.518|CC1|RU2|>> No questions guys, please. 19700101005128.652|19700101005130.053|CC1|RU2|No questions at all, please. 19700101005130.187|19700101005131.455|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: For months, we 19700101005131.588|19700101005132.689|CC1|RU2|asked BP to grant an interview. 19700101005132.823|19700101005134.958|CC1|RU2|They declined. 19700101005135.092|19700101005135.692|CC1|RU2|>> What are the changes going to 19700101005135.826|19700101005137.394|CC1|RU2|be? 19700101005137.527|19700101005138.595|CC1|RU2|>> Well, there's no question 19700101005138.728|19700101005139.863|CC1|RU2|we're going to learn a lot from 19700101005139.996|19700101005141.631|CC1|RU2|this accident in the Gulf 19700101005141.765|19700101005142.099|CC1|RU2|Coast. 19700101005142.232|19700101005142.799|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: They agreed to 19700101005142.933|19700101005143.900|CC1|RU2|consider written questions. 19700101005144.034|19700101005146.603|CC1|RU2|We sent more than 40. 19700101005146.736|19700101005147.304|CC1|RU2|They gave us a three-paragraph 19700101005147.437|19700101005149.539|CC1|RU2|response. 19700101005149.673|19700101005151.508|CC1|RU2|In it, they pledged to 19700101005151.641|19700101005152.876|CC1|RU2|restructure and improve safety 19700101005153.009|19700101005155.745|CC1|RU2|in all their operations. 19700101005155.879|19700101005157.013|CC1|RU2|>> Several oil executives that I 19700101005157.147|19700101005157.981|CC1|RU2|spoke with described this 19700101005158.115|19700101005200.884|CC1|RU2|process of reforming a company 19700101005201.017|19700101005202.886|CC1|RU2|culture as a monumental task. 19700101005203.019|19700101005204.121|CC1|RU2|>> Tony and I are going to work 19700101005204.254|19700101005204.888|CC1|RU2|through a transition between now 19700101005205.021|19700101005205.622|CC1|RU2|and.... 19700101005205.755|19700101005207.257|CC1|RU2|>> And it's something that will 19700101005207.390|19700101005209.493|CC1|RU2|occupy a chief executive's focus 19700101005209.626|19700101005210.560|CC1|RU2|and attention every single day, 19700101005210.694|19700101005212.462|CC1|RU2|every day of the week, every 19700101005212.596|19700101005215.465|CC1|RU2|week of the year, in perpetuity. 19700101005215.599|19700101005217.000|CC1|RU2|>> Thanks ever so much. 19700101005217.134|19700101005217.434|CC1|RU2|>> Thank you. 19700101005217.567|19700101005219.736|CC1|RU2|>> Thank you. 19700101005219.870|19700101005220.670|CC1|RU2|>> Thank you, all. 19700101005220.804|19700101005222.506|CC1|RU2|>> NARRATOR: BP now faces the 19700101005222.639|19700101005223.240|CC1|RU2|largest liabilities in corporate 19700101005223.373|19700101005228.111|CC1|RU2|history. 19700101005228.245|19700101005229.212|CC1|RU2|In July 2010, a bill passed the 19700101005229.346|19700101005231.715|CC1|RU2|House of Representatives that 19700101005231.848|19700101005233.917|CC1|RU2|would ban BP from drilling new 19700101005234.050|19700101005237.420|CC1|RU2|deepwater wells for seven years. 19700101005237.554|19700101005238.088|CC1|RU2|It's not likely to pass the 19700101005238.221|19700101005241.725|CC1|RU2|Senate. 19700101005241.858|19700101005243.126|CC1|RU2|In Texas City, the Department of 19700101005243.260|19700101005245.862|CC1|RU2|Labor just levied $50 million in 19700101005245.996|19700101005247.197|CC1|RU2|new fines for BP's failure to 19700101005247.330|19700101005248.698|CC1|RU2|address safety issues they had 19700101005248.832|19700101005249.399|CC1|RU2|promised to correct after the 19700101005249.533|19700101005255.305|CC1|RU2|2005 explosion. 19700101005255.438|19700101005258.675|CC1|RU2|And in Alaska, maintenance 19700101005258.808|19700101005300.610|CC1|RU2|documents from October 2010 show 19700101005300.744|19700101005301.311|CC1|RU2|that the pipelines here remain 19700101005301.444|19700101005303.446|CC1|RU2|seriously corroded. 19700101005310.987|19700101005313.256|CC1|RU2|>> Let's be the generation that 19700101005313.390|19700101005313.957|CC1|RU2|says, "We will have universal 19700101005314.090|19700101005314.558|CC1|RU2|health care in America." 19700101005314.691|19700101005315.492|CC1|RU2|( cheers and applause ) 19700101005315.625|19700101005316.326|CC1|RU2|>> The only way they could get 19700101005316.459|19700101005317.027|CC1|RU2|it through was to bribe their 19700101005317.160|19700101005318.295|CC1|RU2|members. 19700101005318.428|19700101005319.763|CC1|RU2|>> Hundreds of millions of 19700101005319.896|19700101005321.264|CC1|RU2|dollars spent on lobbying. 19700101005321.398|19700101005321.932|CC1|RU2|>> Those deals can be pretty 19700101005322.065|19700101005322.732|CC1|RU2|smelly. 19700101005322.866|19700101005323.433|CC1|RU2|>> It was a wakeup call that 19700101005323.567|19700101005324.401|CC1|RU2|President Obama wasn't 19700101005324.534|19700101005325.135|CC1|RU2|everything that they thought he 19700101005325.268|19700101005326.970|CC1|RU2|was. 19700101005327.103|19700101005328.338|CC1|RU2|>> The president has staked his 19700101005328.471|19700101005330.273|CC1|RU2|entire first term on this. 19700101005330.407|19700101005331.208|CC1|RU2|>> There's always two sides of 19700101005331.341|19700101005332.576|CC1|RU2|Obama. 19700101005332.709|19700101005333.577|CC1|RU2|>> You have to lift up people, 19700101005333.710|19700101005334.477|CC1|RU2|but at the end of the day, it is 19700101005334.611|19700101005336.646|CC1|RU2|about deal-making. 19700101005336.780|19700101005339.549|CC1|RU2|>>/Next time on/Frontline. 19700101005340.717|19700101005345.322|CC1|RU2|>> There's much more 19700101005345.455|19700101005346.089|CC1|RU2|on Frontline's web site. 19700101005346.223|19700101005346.790|CC1|RU2|Watch nearly 100 programs from 19700101005346.923|19700101005347.524|CC1|RU2|our archive, explore interactive 19700101005347.657|19700101005349.693|CC1|RU2|timelines and maps, and follow 19700101005349.826|19700101005350.427|CC1|RU2|ongoing Frontline 19700101005350.560|19700101005352.062|CC1|RU2|investigations. 19700101005352.195|19700101005353.997|CC1|RU2|Learn more about BP's management 19700101005354.130|19700101005355.398|CC1|RU2|culture... 19700101005355.532|19700101005356.566|CC1|RU2|>> Almost overnight, BP became a 19700101005356.700|19700101005357.467|CC1|RU2|world player. 19700101005357.601|19700101005358.401|CC1|RU2|>> And the US government made it 19700101005358.535|19700101005403.306|CC1|RU2|very easy and very... 19700101005403.440|19700101005404.307|CC1|RU2|>> ...more insights from 19700101005404.441|19700101005405.075|CC1|RU2| regulators and journalists... 19700101005405.208|19700101005405.709|CC1|RU2|>> The worst environmental 19700101005405.842|19700101005406.943|CC1|RU2|disaster in US history. 19700101005407.077|19700101005408.111|CC1|RU2|>> ... And read additional 19700101005408.245|19700101005408.878|CC1|RU2| reporting from our partners at 19700101005409.012|19700101005409.379|CC1|RU2| ProPublica. 19700101005409.512|19700101005410.347|CC1|RU2| Then, join the discussion at 19700101005410.480|19700101005411.681|CC1|RU2| pbs.org. 19700101005414.451|19700101005415.118|CC1|RU2|>> Frontline is made possible by 19700101005415.252|19700101005416.386|CC1|RU2| contributions to your PBS 19700101005416.519|19700101005417.654|CC1|RU2| station from viewers like you. 19700101005417.787|19700101005419.356|CC1|RU2| Thank you. 19700101005419.489|19700101005420.190|CC1|RU2| And by the Corporation for 19700101005420.323|19700101005421.424|CC1|RU2| Public Broadcasting. 19700101005421.558|19700101005423.593|CC1|RU2| Major funding is provided by 19700101005423.727|19700101005424.894|CC1|RU2| the John D. and Catherine T. 19700101005425.028|19700101005426.963|CC1|RU2| MacArthur Foundation. 19700101005427.097|19700101005427.864|CC1|RU2| Committed to 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19700101005449.586|19700101005449.886|CC1|RU2| Captioned by 19700101005450.020|19700101005450.553|CC1|RU2| Media Access Group at WGBH 19700101005450.687|19700101005452.922|CC1|RU2| access.wgbh.org 19700101005504.668|19700101005505.535|CC1|RU2|>> Learn more about this and 19700101005505.669|19700101005507.170|CC1|RU2|other Frontline programs at 19700101005507.304|19700101005508.972|CC1|RU2|pbs.org. 19700101005520.216|19700101005520.784|CC1|RU2|Frontline's "The Spill" is 19700101005520.917|19700101005522.986|CC1|RU2| available on DVD. 19700101005523.119|19700101005523.953|CC1|RU2| To order, visit shopPBS.org or 19700101005524.087|19700101005529.893|CC1|RU2| call 1-800-PLAY-PBS. 19700101005602.660|19700101005603.960|CC1|POP| Turn to PBS. 19700101005602.660|19700101005603.960|CC1|POP| For stories that define 19700101005604.028|19700101005605.729|CC1|POP| the American Experience. 19700101005605.796|19700101005607.564|CC1|POP| YOU COULD NOT WRITE 19700101005605.796|19700101005607.564|CC1|POP| THIS FROM SCRATCH 19700101005607.631|19700101005610.233|CC1|POP| AND MAKE IT BELIEVABLE 19700101005610.301|19700101005611.601|CC1|POP| Pivotal moments. 19700101005611.669|19700101005613.570|CC1|POP| WE'VE HAD TO FIGHT 19700101005611.669|19700101005613.570|CC1|POP| FOR OUR SURVIVAL 19700101005613.637|19700101005614.738|CC1|POP| Explosive events... 19700101005614.805|19700101005617.073|CC1|POP| THE FLASH APPARENTLY OFFICIAL 19700101005617.141|19700101005619.275|CC1|POP| And extraordinary people. 19700101005619.343|19700101005620.977|CC1|POP| SHE HAD A CHARISMA 19700101005621.045|19700101005623.079|CC1|POP| HE WAS ONE TOUGH SOB 19700101005623.147|19700101005625.415|CC1|POP| THERE YOU GO AGAIN 19700101005625.483|19700101005627.283|CC1|POP| Revealing our strengths... 19700101005627.351|19700101005629.486|CC1|POP| IT SHALL BE CALLED 19700101005627.351|19700101005629.486|CC1|POP| THE HOOVER DAM 19700101005629.553|19700101005630.687|CC1|POP| Our struggles. 19700101005630.755|19700101005635.125|CC1|POP| HE SAID IT IS 19700101005630.755|19700101005635.125|CC1|POP| MADNESS BEYOND MEASURE 19700101005635.192|19700101005637.160|CC1|POP| And our ability to 19700101005635.192|19700101005637.160|CC1|POP| re-invent ourselves. 19700101005637.228|19700101005638.828|CC1|POP| WE ARE BUILDING 19700101005637.228|19700101005638.828|CC1|POP| A GREAT EMPIRE 19700101005638.896|19700101005642.065|CC1|POP| IT'S A NATION ON THE MAKE 19700101005642.133|19700101005643.466|CC1|POP| Putting you into history... 19700101005643.534|19700101005646.936|CC1|POP| IT WAS WILD AND EXCITING 19700101005643.534|19700101005646.936|CC1|POP| AND OUT OF CONTROL 19700101005647.004|19700101005648.571|CC1|POP| And taking you to the moment. 19700101005648.639|19700101005650.540|CC1|POP| LIFTOFF, WE HAVE A LIFTOFF 19700101005650.608|19700101005652.342|CC1|POP| These are our stories. 19700101005652.410|19700101005654.677|CC1|POP| IT'S VERY REAL, 19700101005652.410|19700101005654.677|CC1|POP| IT'S FELT EXPERIENCE 19700101005654.745|19700101005656.880|CC1|POP| Our American Experience. 19700101005656.947|19700101005659.616|CC1|POP| Only on PBS. 19700101010015.545|19700101010016.245|CC1|RU3|>> THIS PROGRAM IS BROUGHT TO 19700101010016.379|19700101010017.614|CC1|RU3|YOU BY A GRANT FROM THE FORD 19700101010017.747|19700101010018.715|CC1|RU3|FOUNDATION, WORKING WITH 19700101010018.848|19700101010020.450|CC1|RU3|VISIONARIES ON THE FRONTLINES OF 19700101010020.583|19700101010024.754|CC1|RU3|SOCIAL CHANGE WORLDWIDE. 19700101010024.887|19700101010026.589|CC1|RU3|>> POLITICS IN AMERICA. 19700101010026.723|19700101010027.255|CC1|RU3|>> ¶HO